Ginseng, Sex Behavior, and Nitric Oxide

Murphy, Laura; Lee, Tony Jer‐Fu

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04081.x

Cited by 100 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Testosterone might mediate the heightened copulatory behavior in ginseng-treated animals, while prolactin altered it. Taken together, these results suggest that both ginseng species may have direct actions on the anterior pituitary gland and / or on the hypothalamic dopaminergic mechanisms (14).…”

Section: Aphrodisiac Effect Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Ginseng effects on male sex behavior have been discussed recently by Murphy et al (119), Nocerino et al (1), and Murphy and Lee (14). In brief, it has been shown that ginseng is an essential constituent in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of sexual impotence (1), and Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium enhanced male copulatory behavior in rats (119,120).…”

Section: Aphrodisiac Effect Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ginsenosides are unique to Panax species, many of which exist in minute amounts and are believed to be responsible for most of ginseng's actions (10 -13). Additionally, ginsenosides operate by many mechanisms and it was suggested that each ginsenoside may have its own specific tissue-dependent effects (14). The basic structure of ginsenosides is similar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Ginseng in Medicine With Emphasis on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Gille²,

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Ginseng, the root of Panax species, is a well-known herbal medicine. It has been used as a traditional medicine in China, Korea, and Japan for thousands of years and is now a popular and worldwide used natural medicine. The active ingredients of ginseng are ginsenosides which are also called ginseng saponins. Recently, there is increasing evidence in the literature on the pharmacological and physiological actions of ginseng. However, ginseng has been used primarily as a tonic to invigorate week bodies and help the restoration of homeostasis. Current in vivo and in vitro studies have shown its beneficial effects in a wide range of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune deficiency, and hepatotoxicity. Moreover, recent research has suggested that some of ginseng's active ingredients also exert beneficial effects on aging, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. In general, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immune-stimulatory activities are mostly underlying the possible ginseng-mediated protective mechanisms. Next to animal studies, data from neural cell cultures contribute to the understanding of these mechanisms that involve decreasing nitric oxide (NO), scavenging of free radicals, and counteracting excitotoxicity. In this review, we focus on recently reported medicinal effects of ginseng and summarize the current knowledge of its effects on CNS disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Section: Aphrodisiac Effect Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Aphrodisiac Effect Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Ginseng in Medicine With Emphasis on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Gille²,

et al. 2006

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“…Furthermore, expression of NOS mRNAs, the indicators of NO-cGMP induced vasodilation, was also enhanced (Wattanapitayakul et al 2007). Studies in laboratory animals have shown that ginseng saponin enhanced libido and copulatory performance by directly acting on the CNS and gonadal tissues (Murphy & Lee 2002). There is evidence that ginseng saponin facilitated penile erection by directly inducing the vasodilatation and relaxation of penile corpus cavernosum via nitric oxide mechanism (Chen & Lee 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Kaempferia parviflora extracts on reproductive parameters and spermatic blood flow in male rats

Chaturapanich¹,

Chaiyakul²,

Verawatnapakul³

et al. 2008

Reproduction

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Krachaidum (KD, Kaempferia parviflora Wall. Ex. Baker), a native plant of Southeast Asia, is traditionally used to enhance male sexual function. However, only few scientific data in support of this anecdote have been reported. The present study investigated the effects offeeding three different extracts of KD (alcohol, hexane, and water extracts) for 3-5 weeks on the reproductive organs, the aphrodisiac activity, fertility, sperm motility, and blood flow to the testis of male rats. Sexual performances (mount latency, mount frequency, ejaculatory latency, postejaculatory latency) and sperm motility were assessed by a video camera and computer-assisted sperm analysis respectively, while blood flow to the testis was measured by a directional pulsed Doppler flowmeter. The results showed that all extracts of KD had virtually no effect on the reproductive organ weights even after 5 weeks. However, administration of the alcohol extract at a dose of 70 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for 4 weeks significantly decreased mount and ejaculatory latencies when compared with the control. By contrast, hexane and water extracts had no influence on any sexual behavior parameters. All types of extracts of KD had no effect on fertility or sperm motility. On the other hand, alcohol extract produced a significant increase in blood flow to the testis without affecting the heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. In a separate study, an acute effect of alcohol extract of KD on blood flow to the testis was investigated. Intravenous injection of KD at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg BW caused dose-dependent increases in blood flow to the testis. The results indicate that alcohol extract of KD had an aphrodisiac activity probably via a marked increase in blood flow to the testis.

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“…Ginsenosides are unique to Panax species, many of which exist in minute amounts, and are believed to be responsible for most of the actions of ginseng (Attele et al, 1999;Fleming, 1998;Tyler, 1993;Wakabayashi et al, 1997). Moreover, ginsenosides operate by diverse mechanisms and it is suggested that each ginsenoside may have its own specific tissue-dependent effects (Murphy and Lee, 2002). Ginsenosides are similar in their main structure, consisting of a gonane steroid nucleus with 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings.…”

Section: Modern Pharmacological Experiments On Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the ancient use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials

Xiang¹,

Shang²,

Gao³

et al. 2008

Phytotherapy Research

261

155

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Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a well-known medicinal herb native to China and Korea, and has been used as a herbal remedy in eastern Asia for thousands of years. However, there is different evidence of ginseng efficacy between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials. In TCM, ginseng is a highly valued herb and has been applied to a variety of pathological conditions and illnesses such as hypodynamia, anorexia, shortness of breath, palpitation, insomnia, impotence, hemorrhage and diabetes. Modern pharmacological experiments have proved that ginseng possesses multiple constituents (ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, polyacetylenic alcohols, etc.) and actions (central nervous system effects, neuroprotective effect, immunomodulation, anticancer, etc.), ginsenosides as the active ingredients, especially, having antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic and immunostimulant properties. Recently, ginseng has been studied in a number of randomized controlled trials investigating its effect mainly on physical and psychomotor performance, cognitive function, immunomodulation, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life, as well as adverse effects. Equivocal results have been demonstrated for many of these indications. Because of the poor quality of most clinical trials on ginseng, reliable clinical data in humans are still lacking. Therefore, a broader understanding of medical knowledge and reasoning on ginseng is necessary.

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Ginseng, Sex Behavior, and Nitric Oxide

Cited by 100 publications

References 28 publications

Use of Ginseng in Medicine With Emphasis on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Use of Ginseng in Medicine With Emphasis on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Effects of Kaempferia parviflora extracts on reproductive parameters and spermatic blood flow in male rats

A Comparison of the ancient use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials

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