Glacial Refugia: Hotspots But Not Melting Pots of Genetic Diversity

Petit, Rémy J.; Aguinagalde, Itziar; Beaulieu, Jacques‐Louis de; Bittkau, Christiane; Brewer, Simon; Cheddadi, Rachid; Ennos, Richard A.; Fineschi, Silvia; Grivet, Delphine; Lascoux, Martin; Mohanty, Aparajita; Müller‐Starck, G.; Demesure-Musch, Brigitte; Palmé, Anna; Martín, Juan José Molina; Rendell, Sarah Litman; Vendramin, Giovanni G.

doi:10.1126/science.1083264

Cited by 1,630 publications

(1,758 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Such a scenario is further supported by the contrasting distributions of Group I and Group II haplotypes (Fig. 8) Petit et al 2003). Dispersal and divergence in accordance with ecological demands may have subsequently resulted in the observed mixture of Group I and Group II haplotypes in taxonomically homogeneous populations of either ssp.…”

Section: Patterns Of Introgressive Gene Flowmentioning

confidence: 67%

Systematics and phylogeography of the Dactylorhiza maculata complex (Orchidaceae) in Scandinavia: insights from cytological, morphological and molecular data

Ståhlberg

Hedrén

2008

Plant Syst Evol

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Flow cytometry, morphometry and molecular markers [plastid DNA and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA] were used to determine taxonomic and phylogeographic patterns in Dactylorhiza maculata s.l. from Scandinavia. A total of 238 individuals from 27 populations from throughout all of Scandinavia, including the adjacent Kola Peninsula of Russia, were analyzed. Diploid D. maculata ssp. fuchsii and autotetraploid D. maculata ssp. maculata are morphologically differentiated. Fragment size variants from 10 plastid DNA loci (seven microsatellite loci and three loci with indel variation) were combined to give 43 haplotypes. Three major groups of haplotypes were found. Group I haplotypes were prevalent in the north and the northeast, whereas Group II haplotypes were prevalent in the south and the southwest. Group III was represented by only a single haplotype and appeared to be the result of introgression from D. incarnata s.l. Group I and Group II haplotypes did not correspond with cytologically and morphologically defined D. maculata ssp. fuchsii or D. maculata ssp. maculata. Past introgressive gene flow rather than recent hybridization is envisaged. Intermediate Group I haplotypes between Group II and the rest of Group I were detected in a zone of contact in central Sweden, which may suggest plastid DNA recombination. The six ITS alleles scored showed strong positive correlation with taxonomy. All data sets obtained for ssp. maculata were significantly correlated with geography. Three different autotetraploid lineages are hypothesized. One lineage may represent postglacial immigration from the south and the other two lineages may represent eastern immigration routes. Morphology and ITS data suggested that subarctic populations of ssp. maculata should be recognized as var. kolae¨nsis.

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Section: Patterns Of Introgressive Gene Flowmentioning

confidence: 67%

Systematics and phylogeography of the Dactylorhiza maculata complex (Orchidaceae) in Scandinavia: insights from cytological, morphological and molecular data

Ståhlberg

Hedrén

2008

Plant Syst Evol

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“…The inferred routes of expansion in Europe are congruent with the post-glacial history of many European plants and animals (Hewitt, 2000;Petit et al, 2003). In both S. latifolia and S. vulgaris, historical isolation and expansion coincided with phenotypic divergence, generating covariances between geography, climate, genotypes and phenotypes (Mastenbroek et al, 1983;Keller, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Adaptation and colonization history affect the evolution of clines in two introduced species

et al. 2009

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Summary• Phenotypic and genetic clines have long been synonymous with adaptive evolution. However, other processes (for example, migration, range expansion, invasion) may generate clines in traits or loci across geographical and environmental gradients. It is therefore important to distinguish between clines that represent adaptive evolution and those that result from selectively neutral demographic or genetic processes.• We tested for the differentiation of phenotypic traits along environmental gradients using two species in the genus Silene, whilst statistically controlling for colonization history and founder effects. We sampled seed families from across the native and introduced ranges, genotyped individuals and estimated phenotypic differentiation in replicated common gardens.• The results suggest that post-glacial expansion of S. vulgaris and S. latifolia involved both neutral and adaptive genetic differentiation (clines) of life history traits along major axes of environmental variation in Europe and North America. Phenotypic clines generally persisted when tested against the neutral expectation, although some clines disappeared (and one cline emerged) when the effects of genetic ancestry were statistically removed.• Colonization history, estimated using genetic markers, is a useful null model for tests of adaptive trait divergence, especially during range expansion and invasion when selection and gene flow may not have reached equilibrium.

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“…Therefore, northwestern migrations occurred once the climate becomes warmer. Similar patterns of migration have been detected for plant and animal species inhabiting southern Europe and Northern Africa at the end of the Pleistocene period (Davis & Shaw, 2001; Petit et al., 2003; Schmitt, 2007). In contrast to the Santa Rita population, samples from the Morse Canyon in the Chiricahua Mts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different patterns of colonization of Oxalis alpina in the Sky Islands of the Sonoran desert via pollen and seed flow

Pérez‐Alquicira

Weller

Domínguez³

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Historical factors such as climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene epoch have dramatically impacted species distributions. Studies of the patterns of genetic structure in angiosperm species using molecular markers with different modes of inheritance contribute to a better understanding of potential differences in colonization and patterns of gene flow via pollen and seeds. These markers may also provide insights into the evolution of reproductive systems in plants. Oxalis alpina is a tetraploid, herbaceous species inhabiting the Sky Island region of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Our main objective in this study was to analyze the influence of climatic oscillations on the genetic structure of O. alpina and the impact of these oscillations on the evolutionary transition from tristylous to distylous reproductive systems. We used microsatellite markers and compared our results to a previous study using chloroplast genetic markers. The phylogeographic structure inferred by both markers was different, suggesting that intrinsic characteristics including the pollination system and seed dispersal have influenced patterns of gene flow. Microsatellites exhibited low genetic structure, showed no significant association between geographic and genetic distances, and all individual genotypes were assigned to two main groups. In contrast, chloroplast markers exhibited a strong association between geographic and genetic distance, had higher levels of genetic differentiation, and were assigned to five groups. Both types of DNA markers showed evidence of a northward expansion as a consequence of climate warming occurring in the last 10,000 years. The data from both types of markers support the hypothesis for several independent transitions from tristyly to distyly.

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Glacial Refugia: Hotspots But Not Melting Pots of Genetic Diversity

Cited by 1,630 publications

References 22 publications

Systematics and phylogeography of the Dactylorhiza maculata complex (Orchidaceae) in Scandinavia: insights from cytological, morphological and molecular data

Systematics and phylogeography of the Dactylorhiza maculata complex (Orchidaceae) in Scandinavia: insights from cytological, morphological and molecular data

Adaptation and colonization history affect the evolution of clines in two introduced species

Different patterns of colonization of Oxalis alpina in the Sky Islands of the Sonoran desert via pollen and seed flow

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