Glacier advance in southern middle-latitudes during the Antarctic Cold Reversal

The timing and cause of glacial advances in the southern mid-latitudes during the last glacial cycle based on a synthesis of exposure ages from Patagonia and New Zealand

“…This does not mean that the pre-gLGM limits were necessarily less distinct, and our method says little about the extent of limits other than that 14 they were preserved. It is also important to note that Putnam et al (2010a) found closelyspaced moraines in one New Zealand valley that yielded exposure ages differing by ca. 1 ka, but this signal is not well represented in the compilation.…”

“…Cobb Valley -41 173 12 (9) (Shulmeister et al, 2005) Taramakau -43 171/172 34 (29) (Barrows et al, 2013) Arthur's Pass -43 172 5 (4) (Ivy-Ochs et al, 1999) Waimakariri -43 172 31 (29) (Rother et al, 2015) Rakaia Valley -43/-44 171/172 55 (46) (Shulmeister et al, 2010;Putnam et al, 2013a) Cameron glacier -43 171 10 (10) (Putnam et al, 2012) Franz Josef -43/-44 170 6 (6) (Barrows et al, 2007b) Rangitata Valley -43/-44 171 56 (51) (Rother et al, 2014) Pukaki -44 170/171 169 (159) (Schaefer et al, 2006;Putnam et al, 2010a;Kelley et al, 2014;Doughty et al, 2015;Schaefer et al, 2015) Ohau -44 170 91 (84) (Kaplan et al, 2013;Putnam et al, 2013b) Irishman Stream -44 170 33 (31) Cascade Plateau -44 168 19 (14) (Sutherland et al, 2007) Boundary Stream Tarn -44 170 10 (10) (Putnam et al, 2010b) Total within Last Glacial Cycle 531 (482) 37 Table 2. The timing of culminations in glacial advances identified from relative cumulative 4 probability density functions for New Zealand and Patagonia using the New Zealand 5 production rate of , and using the Patagonian production rate (PPR) of 6 Kaplan et al (2011) for Patagonia.…”

The last deglaciation of Alaska

“…The last deglaciation refers to the transition from glacial maximum conditions between 26 and 19 ka (Clark et al, 2009) to the Holocene interglaciation period (the past 11,700 years). Detailed reconstructions of mountain glacier change from the last deglaciation exist from around the globe (e.g., Shakun et al, 2015), although complete, high-resolution records of glacier fluctuations through the last deglaciation from single valleys remain sparse (e.g., Putnam et al, 2010Putnam et al, , 2013. Alaska fills an important spatial gap in the available records of mountain glacier change during the last deglaciation.…”

Parent material and pedogenic thresholds: observations and a simple model

“…This climate gradient covers 60 km in Waitaki Valley, from just south of Aoraki/Mt Cook southeastward along Lake Pukaki into the rain shadow of the Southern Alps. Soils are developed in wind-derived loess deposited on well-mapped moraines of known age from 12.6 to 19.7 kyr (Schaefer et al 2006;Putnam et al 2010;Barrell et al 2011); we sampled loess deposited on moraines and outwash from the preHolocene Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (Tekapo Formation) and from a relatively old Post-LGM moraine (Birch Hill Formation). The loess and its underlying till are carbonate-poor and derived from greywacke and argillite bedrock of the Torlesse Supergroup, which is a component of uplifted Mesozoic turbidite sequences (Eden and Hammond 2003;Raeside 1964).…”