GLAD Based Advanced Nanostructures for Diversified Biosensing Applications: Recent Progress

Abstract

Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) is a technique for the fabrication of sculpted micro- and nanostructures under the conditions of oblique vapor flux incident and limited adatom diffusion. GLAD-based nanostructures are emerging platforms with broad sensing applications due to their high sensitivity, enhanced optical and catalytic properties, periodicity, and controlled morphology. GLAD-fabricated nanochips and substrates for chemical and biosensing applications are replacing conventionally used nanomaterials due to their broad scope, ease of fabrication, controlled growth parameters, and hence, sensing abilities. This review focuses on recent advances in the diverse nanostructures fabricated via GLAD and their applications in the biomedical field. The effects of morphology and deposition conditions on GLAD structures, their biosensing capability, and the use of these nanostructures for various biosensing applications such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and colorimetric- and wettability-based bio-detection will be discussed in detail. GLAD has also found diverse applications in the case of molecular imaging techniques such as fluorescence, super-resolution, and photoacoustic imaging. In addition, some in vivo applications, such as drug delivery, have been discussed. Furthermore, we will also provide an overview of the status of GLAD technology as well as future challenges associated with GLAD-based nanostructures in the mentioned areas.

Affordable Paper-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates Containing Silver Nanorods Using Glancing-Angle Deposition for Nosocomial Infection Detection

“…Its ease of fabrication yields nanostructures with a high surface-to-volume ratio and remarkable uniformity, making it an ideal choice for sensing applications. 39,40 Notably, we present a pioneering achievement by reporting highly sensitive SERS substrates fabricated on daily-use paper using GLAD, a groundbreaking development in the field. Our paper-based silver nanorod (AgNR) substrate exhibits the potential for biodegradability, ecofriendliness, and recyclability.…”

“…GLAD offers distinct advantages in terms of mass production and quality control, essential for advancing sensor technology. Its ease of fabrication yields nanostructures with a high surface-to-volume ratio and remarkable uniformity, making it an ideal choice for sensing applications. , …”

Plasmonic Sensors: A New Frontier in Nanotechnology

“…Nanostructures fabricated by the GLAD technique exhibit high sensitivity, enhanced optical and catalytic properties, periodicity, and controlled morphology, which makes them attractive for sensory applications [ 32 , 33 ]. In another study in this Special Issue, Yadav et al provided a detailed overview of recent advances in various nanostructures fabricated via GLAD and their applications in the biomedical field [ 34 ]. In addition to discussing the various ways to fabricate nanostructures using the GLAD technique, they also considered the assembly configuration, the effects of different growth parameters, and the advantages of GLAD-based nanostructures over conventional nanoparticles and substrates.…”