Glass–Adhesive–Steel Joint Inspection Using Mechanic and High Frequency Electromagnetic Waves

Abstract

The utilization of a glass–adhesive–steel joint in modern machine and vehicle production is constantly growing. Despite the technological regime during the production process, various defects in the adhesive joints may occur. One of the major problems is lack of adhesive between joined materials. Due to the widespread use of non-transparent layers increasing adhesion, it is frequently not possible to conduct simple visual inspections. Hence, it is important to develop a non-destructive adhesive path continuity examination procedure. In that process, the different physical properties of the joint materials must be taken into account. Therefore, in this paper various testing methods were used, including ultrasound, thermographic and electromagnetic methods operating in the microwave and terahertz frequency range. Different physical phenomena of the methods allowed for examination of the joint in a wide context. In order to verify the information brought by each method, the results were transferred into common coordinate space, compared and finally integrated. Various opinion pooling strategies were conducted to fuse data, which allowed us to emphasize convergent and complementary information on adhesive continuity. The obtained results are promising and constitute the basis for further work on an integrated system for automatic evaluation of a wide range of possible defects in glass–adhesive–steel joints.

Modeling the Depth of Surface Cracks in Brake Disc

“…In the research presented in this article, the indication of crack depth measured with the RMG 4015 device was checked, as well as the actual depth of the crack. In addition, the ultrasonic method was used because it allows the location of cracks and the assessment of the condition of machines and individual joints [ 41 , 42 ]. In addition, an ultrasonic magneto-particle test (Karl Deutsch GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany) was performed.…”

The Influence of the Hardness of the Tested Material and the Surface Preparation Method on the Results of Ultrasonic Testing

“…Research in the field of ultrasonic testing encompasses various aspects, including the evaluation of properties of welded joints [13], the quality assessment of welded [14] and adhesive bonds [15,16], as well as the evaluation of acoustic properties of materials produced using additive manufacturing technology [17]. These studies frequently encompass defect detection in different materials, not only in conventional ones like steel.…”