Expression of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) HVA22 gene is induced by environmental stresses, such as dehydration, salinity, and extreme temperatures, and by a plant stress hormone, abscisic acid. Genes sharing high level of sequence similarities with HVA22 exist in diverse eukaryotic organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi, but not in any prokaryotic organisms. The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) HVA22 homolog, Yop1p, has been shown to interact with the GTPaseinteracting protein, Yip1p. Deletion of YOP1 led to only a modest reduction of the stationary phase titer at 37C. A synthetic enhancement mutant screen was performed in the yop1 deletion background to identify genes interacting with YOP1. The open reading frame YOR165W (renamed SEY1 for synthetic enhancement of YOP1) was identified as a YOP1-dependent complementation gene. The yeast SEY1 is a homolog of the Arabidopsis RHD3 gene whose mutations cause the accumulation of transport vesicles near the tips of defective root hairs. The yeast double mutant of yop1 and sey1 is defective in vesicular traffic as evidenced by the accumulation of transport vesicles and the decrease in invertase secretion. Based on these observations, we suggest that Yop1p/HVA22 regulates vesicular traffic in stressed cells either to facilitate membrane turnover, or to decrease unnecessary secretion.Sessile organisms such as plants and fungi have developed sophisticated responses to environmental stresses that allow them to tolerate adverse conditions (Hohmann and Willem, 1997;Hoekstra et al., 2001). One approach to understanding these responses is through the identification of genes that are up-regulated during abiotic stress, followed by functional analyses of the corresponding gene products. In plants, stress stimulates the production of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) (Zeevaart and Creelmann, 1988; Bray, 2002), which induces the expression of a variety of genes (Chandler and Robertson, 1994; Bray, 2002). Furthermore, elevated levels of ABA are correlated with late embryogenesis and the onset and maintenance of seed dormancy (Zeevaart and Creelmann, 1988). Because the dehydration of the seed during late embryogenesis is a normal part of the developmental program, these tissues provide a valuable resource for the identification of genes that are involved in desiccation tolerance.In cereals, a metabolically active tissue, the aleurone layer, surrounds the starchy endosperm of the seed. Upon germination, the embryo produces the phytohormone GA, which induces the production of hydrolytic enzymes by the aleurone tissue. These enzymes are secreted into the endosperm, where they liberate sugars and amino acids for the growing embryo. ABA blocks the production of these enzymes at the transcriptional level (Lovegrove and Hooley, 2000). The gene HVA22 was originally identified as a transcript that accumulates in barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone tissue upon treatment with ABA, and was later found to be induced in vegetative tissues exposed to ABA, drought, or cold stress (Shen et...