Gliadins from wheat grain: an overview, from primary structure to nanostructures of aggregates

Urade, Reiko; Sato, Nobuhiro; Sugiyama, Masaaki

doi:10.1007/s12551-017-0367-2

Cited by 88 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Optical, fluorescent, and TEM microscope observations showed that PT-gliadin can form sticky and large extra-cellular aggregates, as already reported [ 28 ]. This biochemical property can be explained by the presence of glutamine and proline-rich repetitive regions in the N-terminal of gliadin protein.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The In Vitro Effects of Enzymatic Digested Gliadin on the Functionality of the Autophagy Process

Manai

Azzalin

Gabriele

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Gliadin, the alcohol-soluble protein fraction of wheat, contains the factor toxic for celiac disease (CD), and its toxicity is not reduced by digestion with gastro-pancreatic enzymes. Importantly, it is proved that an innate immunity to gliadin plays a key role in the development of CD. The immune response induces epithelial stress and reprograms intraepithelial lymphocytes into natural killer (NK)-like cells, leading to enterocyte apoptosis and an increase in epithelium permeability. In this contribution, we have reported that in Caco-2 cells the administration of enzymatically digested gliadin (PT-gliadin) reduced significantly the expression of the autophagy-related marker LC3-II. Furthermore, electron and fluorescent microscope analysis suggested a compromised functionality of the autophagosome apparatus. The rescue of the dysregulated autophagy process, along with a reduction of PT-gliadin toxicity, was obtained with a starvation induction protocol and by 3-methyladenine administration, while rapamycin, a well-known autophagy inducer, did not produce a significant improvement in the clearance of extra- and intra-cellular fluorescent PT-gliadin amount. Altogether, our results highlighted the possible contribution of the autophagy process in the degradation and in the reduction of extra-cellular release of gliadin peptides and suggest novel molecular targets to counteract gliadin-induced toxicity in CD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The In Vitro Effects of Enzymatic Digested Gliadin on the Functionality of the Autophagy Process

Manai

Azzalin

Gabriele

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…Its biocompatibility, hydrophobicity, and ability to modify and enhance drug release profile make it a potential drug carrier [7]. Furthermore, use of gliadin in medical scaffolds, nanofibers, films, and micro and nanoparticles showed adequate stability and flexibility [8][9][10][11]. Gliadin nanoparticles (GNPs) have been formulated for their applications in sustained drug release for various drugs including meletin, amoxicillin, polymethoxyflavons, resveratrol, paclitaxel, and carbazole [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-Dependent Phagocytic Uptake and Immunogenicity of Gliadin Nanoparticles

2020

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The main objective of the present study was to investigate the hemo and immune compatibility of gliadin nanoparticles as a function of particle size. Gliadin nanoparticles of different size were prepared using a modified antisolvent nanoprecipitation method. The hemolytic potential of gliadin nanoparticles was evaluated using in vitro hemolysis assay. Phagocytic uptake of gliadin nanoparticles was studied using rat polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and murine alveolar peritoneal macrophage (J774) cells. In vivo immunogenicity of gliadin nanoparticles was studied following subcutaneous administration in mice. Gliadin nanoparticles were non-hemolytic irrespective of particle size and hence compatible with blood components. In comparison to positive control zymosan, gliadin nanoparticles with a size greater than 406 ± 11 nm showed higher phagocytic uptake in PMN cells, while the uptake was minimal with smaller nanoparticles (127 ± 8 nm). Similar uptake of gliadin nanoparticles was observed in murine alveolar peritoneal macrophages. Anti-gliadin IgG antibody titers subsequent to primary and secondary immunization of gliadin nanoparticles in mice were in the increasing order of 406 ± 11 nm < 848 ± 20 nm < coarse suspension). On the other hand, gliadin nanoparticles of 127 ± 8 nm in size did not elicit immunogenic response. Phagocytosis and immunogenicity of gliadin nanoparticles are strongly influenced by particle size. The results of this study can provide useful information for rational design of protein-based nanomaterials in drug delivery applications.

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“…After immunoblotting, membranes were pre-incubated in blocking buffer only or blocking buffer containing plasma. In the immunoblot, bands are visible in the 30-40 kDa range corresponding to various α/β and γ gliadins (Figure 8) (44). These gliadin bands are less visible over the course of 2-fold dilutions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluten-free Fish? Marine Carnivores Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Have Different Tolerances to Dietary Wheat Gluten

Larkin

Watson

Place

2019

Preprint

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29 30 2 Current Address: 31 Marine Resources Research Institute 32 South Carolina Department of Natural Resources 2 33 217 Fort Johnson Rd. 34 Charleston, SC 29412 35 843-953-0462 36 watsona@dnr.sc.gov 3 37 Abstract 38In developing more sustainable fishmeal-free diets for a broad range of fish species, a 39 "one-size-fits-all" approach should not be presumed. The production of more ecologically 40 sustainable aquaculture diets has increased the incorporation of plant-based protein sources 41 such as wheat gluten. Here we show that wheat gluten at even less than 4% inclusion in a 42 compound feed has a negative impact on growth and survivorship in juvenile cobia (Rachycentron 43 canadum). In addition, plasma factors capable of binding wheat gluten were detected in the 44 plasma of cobia fed diets containing this ingredient but not in wild cobia with no exposure to 45 dietary wheat gluten. Furthermore, there is evidence that supplementary taurine partially 46 mitigates the deleterious effects provoked by wheat gluten. Based on these results, we propose 47 that wheat gluten should be added with caution to aquaculture diets intended for juvenile cobia 48 and potentially other marine carnivores. After observing that dietary wheat gluten can cause 49 deleterious effects in cobia, we sought to evaluate a possible effect in European sea bass 50 (Dicentrarchus labrax), another large, carnivorous, marine species. There were no major effects 51 in terms of growth rate, plasma biochemical parameters, or detectable induction of plasma IgM, 52 IgT, or factors capable of binding gliadin in response to 4% dietary wheat gluten. However, 53 plasma levels of taurine doubled and there were considerable changes to the intestinal 54 microbiome. There was increased diversity of predominant taxonomic orders in the pyloric caeca, 55 anterior, middle, and posterior intestinal sections of fish consuming wheat gluten. Despite these 56 measurable changes, the data suggest that dietary inclusion of 4% wheat gluten is well tolerated 57 by European sea bass in feed formulations. Together these findings underscore the need to 58 evaluate tolerance to ingredients in aquaculture formulations on a species by species basis. 4 59 60 Introduction 61Reducing fishmeal inclusion in favor of more sustainable and cost-effective protein 62 sources is a high priority for the aquaculture industry (1). Aquaculture diets that incorporate low-63 fat, high-protein concentrates derived from plants such as soy or wheat (including processed 64 wheat gluten) have been described for many species (2)(3). Feed formulations often incorporate 65 wheat gluten as a protein source and for binding and adding a desirable chewy texture to pellets.66 Wheat flour is processed to remove soluble fibers and starches, and the vital wheat gluten 67 product that remains contains two fractions: soluble gliadins and insoluble glutenins (4)(5). Vital 68 wheat gluten, marketed as a dry powder, regains its elastic properties when rehydrated (6). In 69 addition to being a low-cost protein so...

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Gliadins from wheat grain: an overview, from primary structure to nanostructures of aggregates

Cited by 88 publications

References 48 publications

The In Vitro Effects of Enzymatic Digested Gliadin on the Functionality of the Autophagy Process

The In Vitro Effects of Enzymatic Digested Gliadin on the Functionality of the Autophagy Process

Size-Dependent Phagocytic Uptake and Immunogenicity of Gliadin Nanoparticles

Gluten-free Fish? Marine Carnivores Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Have Different Tolerances to Dietary Wheat Gluten

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