Global and regional pest insects and their antagonists in orchards: spatial dynamics

Dorn, Silvia; Schumacher, Peter; Abivardi, Cyrus; Meyhöfer, Rainer

doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00020-1

Cited by 78 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The codling moth has traditionally been regarded as a sedentary insect (Keil et al 2001;Timm et al 2006;Thaler et al 2008;Chen & Dorn 2010), and the limited gene flow implied by the significantly different population genetic characteristics of the 2 separate regions is likely the result of the limited dispersal capacity of C. pomonella. This was verified by mark-release-recapture studies in the field and flight mill experiments in the laboratory (Schumacher et al 1997;Dorn et al 1999;Keil et al 2001). Our results are consistent with findings in South Africa, northern Italy and Switzerland, where limited gene flow and significant genetic differentiation between different local geographic regions were found (Timm et al 2006;Thaler et al 2008;Chen & Dorn 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Gene Flow Among <I>Cydia pomonella</I> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Geographic and Host Populations in South Africa

Timm

Geertsema

Warnich

2006

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The flight capacity of a large proportion of a C. pomonella population is low, and only a small proportion of a population is capable of long distance flights (Schumacher et al 1997;Dorn et al 1999). In the current study, AMOVA analyses among the 8 populations from the 2 sampling regions showed significant genetic differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Flow Among <I>Cydia pomonella</I> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Geographic and Host Populations in South Africa

Timm

Geertsema

Warnich

2006

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“…The body size of the cactus moths is much larger than the previously studied Cydia spp. (Schumacher et al 1997a(Schumacher et al , 1997bDorn et al 1999;Hughes et al 2004); hence, for the purpose of the current study, the ßight mill technique had to be adjusted. Sexual dimorphism was marked in C. cactorum, because newly eclosed females weighed an average 80% more than males.…”

Section: Diel Cycle Of Flight In Unmated and Mated Mothsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel Flight Pattern and Flight Performance of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Measured on a Flight Mill: Influence of Age, Gender, Mating Status, and Body Size

Sarvary

Bloem

Bloem³

et al. 2008

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an invasive herbivore that poses a serious risk to Opuntia cacti in North America. Knowledge of the ßight behavior of the cactus moth is crucial for a better understanding of natural dispersal, and for both monitoring and control. We used computer-linked ßight mills to investigate diel ßight activity and ßight performance in relation to gender, age, mating status, and body size. Maximal ßight activity for both mated and unmated moths occurred during twilight, whereas ßight activity was low during photophase. The total distance ßown and the number of initiated ßights within a diel cycle were higher in both unmated and mated females than in males, but the longest single ßight was similar in both genders. These Þndings suggest that pheromone trap captures of males likely indicate the simultaneous presence of females and that mated females might even be in areas where males are not detected yet. Flight performance heterogeneity was large, with a small portion of the population (both males and females) performing long unbroken ßights, whereas the majority made short ßights. Females had higher pupal and adult body size and shorter longevity than males. A few individuals, particularly young mated females, ßying long distances may be important for active spread of a population and the colonization of new habitats. Implications of this study in the control of the cactus moth by using the sterile insect technique are discussed.

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“…This moth passes the winter as a full-grown diapausing larva within a thick, silken cocoon under loose bark on the trunks of apple trees. The codling moth has successfully followed the spread of apple cultivation and occurs in most apple production areas throughout the world (Barnes, 1991;Dorn et al, 1999) inhabiting various climates, even where winter temperatures sometimes reach as low as -25°C (Newcomer, 1920;Yothers & Carlson, 1941;Geier, 1963;Sato, 1964;Hagley, 1970;Berankova et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold tolerance and trehalose accumulation in overwintering larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Khani¹,

Moharramipour²,

Barzegar³

2007

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Seasonal variations in the supercooling point, survival at low temperatures and sugar content were studied in fieldcollected codling moth larvae. The supercooling point of field-collected larvae decreased significantly from a mean value of -13.4°C in August 2004 (feeding larvae) to -22.0°C in December 2004 (overwintering larvae). Survival at -20°C/24 h was 0% during early autumn, whereas it increased to approximately 60% during winter. The survival at low temperature was well correlated with the supercooling point. The supercooling point of the diapause destined larvae decreased from -16.9 to -19.7°C between September and October as the larvae left the food source and spun a cocoon. For early-diapause larvae, exposure to 5°C/30 days has an additional effect and decreased the supercooling point from -19.7 to -21.3°C. One-month exposure of overwintering larvae to 5°C led to a mortality of 23% in early diapause larvae, while only 4% of diapause larvae died after acclimation. Overwintering larvae accumulated trehalose during winter. There was approximately a threefold increase in trehalose content between larvae at the onset of diapause (5.1 mg/g fresh weight) and larvae in a fully developed diapause (18.4 mg/g fresh weight) collected in January. Trehalose content was correlated with supercooling capacity, survival at low temperatures and chilling tolerance, suggesting that trehalose may play some role in the development of cold tolerance in this species.

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Global and regional pest insects and their antagonists in orchards: spatial dynamics

Cited by 78 publications

References 20 publications

Gene Flow Among <I>Cydia pomonella</I> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Geographic and Host Populations in South Africa

Gene Flow Among <I>Cydia pomonella</I> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Geographic and Host Populations in South Africa

Diel Flight Pattern and Flight Performance of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Measured on a Flight Mill: Influence of Age, Gender, Mating Status, and Body Size

Cold tolerance and trehalose accumulation in overwintering larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

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