Global burden of calcific aortic valve disease and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019

Abstract

BackgroundCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) was highly prevalent among developed countries and caused numerous deaths. Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019, this study was designed to present comprehensive epidemiological information, attributable risks, and relevant factors.MethodsAll data were available online via the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx). In this study, we analyzed the global incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of CAVD across different regions from 1990 to 2019. We applied the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to evaluate the change trends and their attributable risks. In addition, we explored several relevant factors.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the incidence cases, prevalence cases, CAVD-related deaths, and DALYs of CAVD gradually increased globally. However, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was relatively stable, and the age-standardized DALYs rate gradually declined during the past 30 years. Males and elderly individuals were more likely to suffer from CAVD. High systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the predominant attributable risk of disease burden that presented a global downward trend (death: EAPC = −0.68, 95% CI −0.77~−0.59, P < 0.001; DALYs: EAPC = −0.99, 95% CI −1.09 to −0.89, P < 0.001). Alcohol consumption (R = 0.79, P < 0.001), smoking prevalence (R = 0.75, P < 0.001), and calcium (R = 0.72, P < 0.001) showed a positive correlation with the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), whereas classic monsoon region (R = −0.68, P < 0.001) and mean temperature (R = −0.7, P < 0.001) showed a negative correlation with age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR). Besides, medical and healthcare resources presented a positive correlation with ASIR. Meanwhile, similar relationships were found in age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), ASDR, and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDALYR).ConclusionCAVD displays widely varied spatial distribution around the world, of which high SDI regions have the highest burdens. Age is a powerful factor and hypertension a predominant attributable risk factor. Moreover, controlling blood pressure, avoiding smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, and so on, could effectively reduce the burden of CAVD.

2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

“…Calcific aortic valve disease–related death cases increased worldwide from 53 298 (95% CI, 47 760–59 730) in 1990 to 126 827 (95% CI, 105 600–141 390) in 2019. 9…”

“…Globally, the incident cases of calcific aortic valve disease have increased by 351% from 130 821 cases (95% CI, 110 700–156 020) in 1990 to 589 637 cases (95% CI, 512 900–677 060) in 2019. 9…”

“…Globally, there was a 443% increase in the prevalence of calcific aortic valve disease from 1 732 988 (95% CI, 1 431 470–2 074 810) in 1990 to 9 404 080 (95% CI, 8 079 600–10 889 730) in 2019. 9…”

The Impact of Left Ventricular Performance and Afterload on the Evaluation of Aortic Valve Stenosis: A 1D Mathematical Modeling Approach

“…Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is one of the prevalent cardiovascular diseases in western countries [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Over the past three decades, there has been a substantial increase in CAVD-related incidence and mortality cases, and the total number of CAVD-related deaths more than doubled from 1990 to 2019 [ 1 ].…”

“…Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is one of the prevalent cardiovascular diseases in western countries [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Over the past three decades, there has been a substantial increase in CAVD-related incidence and mortality cases, and the total number of CAVD-related deaths more than doubled from 1990 to 2019 [ 1 ]. Age is an important risk factor for aortic stenosis, and its prevalence in western countries is approximately 25% in people above 65 years of age, while it rises to 50% in those above 85 years of age [ 2 , 4 , 5 ].…”