Global burden of early pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM): A systematic review

Wesley, Hannah; Bhavadharini, Balaji; Beks, Hannah; Deepa, Mohan; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ram, Usha; Martin, Erik; McNamara, Kevin; Versace, Vincent; Saravanan, Ponnusamy; Mohan, Viswanathan

doi:10.1007/s00592-021-01800-z

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The worldwide prevalence of NAFLD in 2022 was shown to be 32.4% [2], and about 3% of all deaths in Europe in recent years were reported to be liver-related [3]. A higher risk of gestational diabetes has been evidenced 2 of 19 in pregnant women with vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency [4]. Maternal low B12 was shown to be independently associated with adverse cord blood lipids [5] and with elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides in adults [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin Inefficiency to Lower Lipids in Vitamin B12 Deficient HepG2 Cells Is Alleviated via Adiponectin-AMPK Axis

Boachie,

Zammit,

Saravanan

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Background: Prolonged metformin treatment decreases vitamin B12 (B12) levels, whereas low B12 is associated with dyslipidaemia. Some studies have reported that metformin has no effect on intrahepatic triglyceride (TG) levels. Although AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation via adiponectin lowers hepatic TG content, its role in B12 deficiency and metformin has not been explored. We investigated whether low B12 impairs the beneficial effect of metformin on hepatic lipid metabolism via the AMPK-adiponectin axis. Methods: HepG2 was cultured using custom-made B12-deficient Eagle’s Minimal Essential Medium (EMEM) in different B12-medium concentrations, followed by a 24-h metformin/adiponectin treatment. Gene and protein expressions and total intracellular TG were measured, and radiochemical analysis of TG synthesis and seahorse mitochondria stress assay were undertaken. Results: With low B12, total intracellular TG and synthesized radiolabelled TG were increased. Regulators of lipogenesis, cholesterol and genes regulating fatty acids (FAs; TG; and cholesterol biosynthesis were increased. FA oxidation (FAO) and mitochondrial function were decreased, with decreased pAMPKα and pACC levels. Following metformin treatment in hepatocytes with low B12, the gene and protein expression of the above targets were not alleviated. However, in the presence of adiponectin, intrahepatic lipid levels with low B12 decreased via upregulated pAMPKα and pACC levels. Again, combined adiponectin and metformin treatment ameliorated the low B12 effect and resulted in increased pAMPKα and pACC, with a subsequent reduction in lipogenesis, increased FAO and mitochondrion function. Conclusions: Adiponectin co-administration with metformin induced a higher intrahepatic lipid-lowering effect. Overall, we emphasize the potential therapeutic implications for hepatic AMPK activation via adiponectin for a clinical condition associated with B12 deficiency and metformin treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin Inefficiency to Lower Lipids in Vitamin B12 Deficient HepG2 Cells Is Alleviated via Adiponectin-AMPK Axis

Boachie,

Zammit,

Saravanan

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…[4] The increased prevalence of GDM has caused a huge societal economic and healthy burden at both the population and individual levels. [5,6] Insulin historically has been considered the standard therapy for GDM management in cases refractory to nutrition therapy and exercise. However, it requires multiple daily injections and subsequently the need to train the patients in the technical aspect of treatment, resulting to more weight gain and higher medical cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 4 ] The increased prevalence of GDM has caused a huge societal economic and healthy burden at both the population and individual levels. [ 5 , 6 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy and safety of glyburide, metformin, and insulin in treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus

Lin¹,

Tu²,

Hong³

2022

Medicine

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Background: The increased prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has caused a huge societal economic and healthy burden at both the population and individual levels. We aimed to assess the comparative efficiency and safety of the use of glyburide, metformin, and insulin in GDM from a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: Two individual researchers conducted the platform searches on the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from inception to February 2022. Literature retrieving was carried out through a combined searching of subject terms ("MeSH" on PubMed and "Emtree" on "Embase") and free terms on the platforms of PubMed and Embase, and through keywords searching on platform of Cochrane Library. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the data will be performed in STATA13.0 software according to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Two authors independently performed the literature searching, data extraction, and quality evaluation. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials.Results: The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion:This meta-analysis will provide a comprehensive analysis and synthesis that can be used as an evidence map to inform practitioners and policy makers about the effectiveness of glyburide, metformin, and insulin for patients with GDM.

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“…Approximately 50% of all prenatal morbidity is caused by congenital abnormalities, which mostly affect the cardiovascular, neurologic, and genitourinary systems. 1,2 GDM has a pooled global standardized prevalence of 14%. GDM was assessed to have a 7.1% regional incidence in North America and the Caribbean, 7.8% in Europe, 10.4% in South and Central America, 14.2% in Africa, 14.7% in the Western Pacific, 20.8% in South-East Asia, and 27.6% in the Middle East and North Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and screening benefits in pregestational and early gestation diabetes

Dahab¹,

Aljohani²,

Heameed³

et al. 2022

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Gestational diabetes is one of the most widespread complications of pregnancy posing a serious clinical and public health challenge. Globally, 16.5% of pregnancies are affected by the gestational diabetes, and this percentage is expected to rise as the obesity pandemic spreads. It has severe short-term and long-term negative health effects on both the mother and the child, which emphasizes the importance of identifying the risk factors for gestational diabetes and taking steps to prevent the illness. Gestational diabetes occurs when pregnant women who have never been diagnosed with diabetes experience chronic hyperglycaemia caused by impaired glucose tolerance. Obesity, physical inactivity, multiparity, family history of diabetes mellitus, certain ethnicities, birth of a previous macrocosmic child are all risk factors for gestational diabetes. Maternal cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, macrosomia, and difficulties in delivery are all some of the complications of gestational diabetes. Additionally, there is a longer-term risk for the child to develop obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Screening and diagnostic tests for gestational diabetes are essential to identify the women who are at risk for developing gestational diabetes and thereafter reduce or eliminate the risk of unfavourable outcomes for both mother and child associated with gestational diabetes. Oral glucose tolerance test is the widely accepted screening test conducted between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about risk factors and screening benefits in pregestational and early gestational diabetes.

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Global burden of early pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM): A systematic review

Cited by 19 publications

References 90 publications

Metformin Inefficiency to Lower Lipids in Vitamin B12 Deficient HepG2 Cells Is Alleviated via Adiponectin-AMPK Axis

Metformin Inefficiency to Lower Lipids in Vitamin B12 Deficient HepG2 Cells Is Alleviated via Adiponectin-AMPK Axis

Comparative efficacy and safety of glyburide, metformin, and insulin in treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus

Risk factors and screening benefits in pregestational and early gestation diabetes

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