Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters

Raymond, Peter A.; Hartmann, Jens; Lauerwald, Ronny; Sobek, Sebastian; McDonald, Cory P.; Hoover, Mark D.; Butman, David; Striegl, Robert G.; Mayorga, Emilio; Humborg, Christoph; Kortelainen, Pirkko; Dürr, Hans H.; Meybeck, Michel; Ciais, Philippe; Guth, Peter L.

doi:10.1038/nature12760

Cited by 1,984 publications

(2,095 citation statements)

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“…Unfortunately, we are not aware of a comparably extensive data set of hydraulic geometry data derived for European rivers. The coefficients have been applied in global studies before, e.g., Raymond et al (2013). A comparison of hydraulic geometry coefficients derived from various data sets, including data from England, Australia and New Zealand, is presented in Butman and Raymond (2011), who estimated that the error associated with uncertainties of hydraulic geometry coefficients is rather small compared to uncertainties derived for C fluxes.…”

Section: Uncertainty Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparable amounts of C are discharged into the oceans by the world's rivers (0.9 Pg C yr −1 ) and stored in aquatic sediments (0.6 Pg C yr −1 ) ). In total, evasion, discharge and storage of C in inland waters have been estimated to account for about 4 % of global terrestrial net primary production (NPP; Raymond et al, 2013) or 50-70 % of the total terrestrial net ecosystem production (NEP; Cole et al, 2007). A recent continental-scale analysis, which combined terrestrial productivity estimates from a suite of biogeochemical models with estimates of the total aquatic C yield for the conterminous United States , resulted in mean C export rates from terrestrial into freshwater systems of corresponding to 4 % of NPP and 27 % of NEP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional-scale lateral carbon transport and CO<sub>2</sub> evasion in temperate stream catchments

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Inland waters play an important role in regional to global-scale carbon cycling by transporting, processing and emitting substantial amounts of carbon, which originate mainly from their catchments. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between terrestrial net primary production (NPP) and the rate at which carbon is exported from the catchments in a temperate stream network. The analysis included more than 200 catchment areas in southwest Germany, ranging in size from 0.8 to 889 km 2 for which CO 2 evasion from stream surfaces and downstream transport with stream discharge were estimated from water quality monitoring data, while NPP in the catchments was obtained from a global data set based on remote sensing. We found that on average 13.9 g C m −2 yr −1 (corresponding to 2.7 % of terrestrial NPP) are exported from the catchments by streams and rivers, in which both CO 2 evasion and downstream transport contributed about equally to this flux. The average carbon fluxes in the catchments of the study area resembled global and large-scale zonal mean values in many respects, including NPP, stream evasion and the carbon export per catchment area in the fluvial network. A review of existing studies on aquatic-terrestrial coupling in the carbon cycle suggests that the carbon export per catchment area varies in a relatively narrow range, despite a broad range of different spatial scales and hydrological characteristics of the study regions.

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Section: Uncertainty Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional-scale lateral carbon transport and CO<sub>2</sub> evasion in temperate stream catchments

et al. 2017

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“…Inland waters are important players in the global budgets of longlived green-house gases (GHGs), acting as vigorous sources to the atmosphere of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (Raymond et al, 2013;Lauerwald et al, 2015;Borges et al, 2015a), methane (CH 4 ) (Bastviken et al, 2011;Borges et al, 2015a;Stanley et al, 2016), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) (Seitzinger and Kroeze, 1998;Hu et al, 2016). The largest fraction of global CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from riverine networks occurs at tropical and sub-tropical latitudes (Bloom et al, 2010;Raymond et al, 2013;Lauerwald et al, 2015;Borges et al, 2015b) that are in general more pristine than their temperate counter-parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The largest fraction of global CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from riverine networks occurs at tropical and sub-tropical latitudes (Bloom et al, 2010;Raymond et al, 2013;Lauerwald et al, 2015;Borges et al, 2015b) that are in general more pristine than their temperate counter-parts. Conversely, the largest fraction of global N 2 O emissions from riverine networks is assumed to occur in human impacted temperate rivers (Seitzinger and Kroeze, 1998;Hu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of agricultural land use on fluvial carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in a large European river, the Meuse (Belgium)

Borges

Darchambeau

Lambert

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

172

112

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• Large data-set of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O in the surface waters of the Meuse River We report a data-set of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O concentrations in the surface waters of the Meuse river network in Belgium, obtained during four surveys covering 50 stations (summer 2013 and late winter 2013, 2014 and 2015), from yearly cycles in four rivers of variable size and catchment land cover, and from 111 groundwater samples. Surface waters of the Meuse river network were over-saturated in CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O with respect to atmospheric equilibrium, acting as sources of these greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, although the dissolved gases also showed marked seasonal and spatial variations. Seasonal variations were related to changes in freshwater discharge following the hydrological cycle, with highest concentrations of CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O during low water owing to a longer water residence time and lower currents (i.e. lower gas transfer velocities), both contributing to the accumulation of gases in the water column, combined with higher temperatures favourable to microbial processes. Inter-annual differences of discharge also led to differences in CH 4 and N 2 O that were higher in years with prolonged low water periods. Spatial variations were mostly due to differences in land cover over the catchments, with systems dominated by agriculture (croplands and pastures) having higher CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O levels than forested systems. This seemed to be related to higher levels of dissolved and particulate organic matter, as well as dissolved inorganic nitrogen in agriculture dominated systems compared to forested ones. Groundwater had very low CH 4 concentrations in the shallow and unconfined aquifers (mostly fractured limestones) of the Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n vMeuse basin, hence, should not contribute significantly to the high CH 4 levels in surface riverine waters. Owing to high dissolved concentrations, groundwater could potentially transfer important quantities of CO 2 and N 2 O to surface waters of the Meuse basin, although this hypothesis remains to be tested.

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“…A growing body of research on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from inland waters has recently generated various global 35 syntheses of CO 2 and CH 4 data (Cole et al, 2007;Bastviken et al, 2011;Raymond et al, 2013;Lauerwald et al, 2015;Stanley et al, 2016;Marx et al, 2017) and conceptual frameworks incorporating anthropogenic perturbations as a critical driver of riverine biogeochemical processes in human-impacted river systems (Kaushal et al, 2012;Regnier et al, 2013;Park et al, 2018). However, these efforts have been hampered by data scarcity and inequality and inadequate consideration of multiple GHGs co-regulated by a wide range of concurrent environmental changes including anthropogenic perturbations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal discontinuities in riverine greenhouse gas dynamics generated by dams and urban wastewater

Jin¹,

Yoon²,

Begum³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract.Riverine emissions of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) represent crucial, but poorly constrained components of the global GHG budgets. Three major GHGs -CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O -have rarely been measured simultaneously in river systems modified by human activities, adding uncertainties to the estimates of global riverine GHG emissions. Measurements of C isotopes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CO 2 , and CH 4 were combined with basin-wide surveys of three GHGs in the Han 15 River, South Korea to investigate the effects of dams and urban water pollution as primary controls on GHG dynamics in the highly human-impacted river basin with a population >25 million. Monthly monitoring and two-season comparison were conducted at 6 and 15 sites, respectively, to measure surface water concentrations of three GHGs, along with DOC and its optical properties. The basin-wide surveys were complemented with a boat cruise along the lower reach and synoptic samplings along a polluted tributary delivering effluents from a large wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to the lower reach. The basin-20 wide surveys of three GHGs revealed distinct increases in the concentrations of three gases along the lower reach receiving urban tributaries enriched in GHGs and DOC. Compared to the spatial patterns of GHGs observed in the upper and lower reaches, the levels of pCO 2 were consistently lower across the impounded middle reach, whereas concentrations of CH 4 and N 2 O were relatively high in some impoundment-affected sites. Similar levels and temporal variations in three GHGs at the WWTP effluents and the receiving tributary indicated a disproportionate contribution of the WWTP to the tributary exports of 25 DOC and GHGs. Measurements of δ 13 C in surface water CO 2 and CH 4 sampled during the cruise along the lower reach, combined with δ 13 C and Δ 14 C in dissolved organic matter (DOM) sampled across the basin, implied that longitudinal decreases in Δ 14 C in DOM mighte be associated with wastewater-derived, old DOM in urban tributaries, which, together with enhanced photosynthesis and CH 4 oxidation in the eutrophic lower reach, appear to constrain downstream changes in δ 13 C in CO 2 and CH 4 . The overall results suggest that dams and urban wastewater may create longitudinal discontinuities in riverine metabolic 30 processes leading to large spatial variations in three GHGs. Further research is required to evaluate the relative contributions Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi

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Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters

Abstract: Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters. Nature, 503(7476): 355-359http://dx

Cited by 1,984 publications

References 46 publications

Regional-scale lateral carbon transport and CO<sub>2</sub> evasion in temperate stream catchments

Regional-scale lateral carbon transport and CO<sub>2</sub> evasion in temperate stream catchments

Effects of agricultural land use on fluvial carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in a large European river, the Meuse (Belgium)

Longitudinal discontinuities in riverine greenhouse gas dynamics generated by dams and urban wastewater

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Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters

Abstract: Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters. Nature, 503(7476): 355-359http://dx

Cited by 1,984 publications

References 46 publications

Regional-scale lateral carbon transport and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; evasion in temperate stream catchments

Regional-scale lateral carbon transport and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; evasion in temperate stream catchments

Effects of agricultural land use on fluvial carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in a large European river, the Meuse (Belgium)

Longitudinal discontinuities in riverine greenhouse gas dynamics generated by dams and urban wastewater

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Regional-scale lateral carbon transport and CO<sub>2</sub> evasion in temperate stream catchments

Regional-scale lateral carbon transport and CO<sub>2</sub> evasion in temperate stream catchments