Global Change: Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Warming, and Public Health

Last, J M

doi:10.1146/annurev.pu.14.050193.000555

Cited by 43 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Human interactions with each other as well as with other living creatures can have important effects on the health of all partners in the complex closed ecosystem of our planet (103). The ecological perspective on population health recognizes that the foundations of good long-term population health depend on the stability and functioning of ecological systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Changing Weather on Public Health

Patz

Engelberg²

2000

Annu. Rev. Public Health

178

111

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Key Words climate change, global warming, heat waves, waterborne disease, air pollution, vectorborne disease s Abstract Many diseases are influenced by weather conditions or display strong seasonality, suggestive of a possible climatic contribution. Projections of future climate change have, therefore, compelled health scientists to re-examine weather/disease relationships. There are three projected physical consequences of climate change: temperature rise, sea level rise, and extremes in the hydrologic cycle. This century, the Earth has warmed by about 0.5 degrees centigrade, and the mid-range estimates of future temperature change and sea level rise are 2.0 degrees centigrade and 49 centimeters, respectively, by the year 2100. Extreme weather variability associated with climate change may especially add an important new stress to developing nations that are already vulnerable as a result of environmental degradation, resource depletion, overpopulation, or location (e.g. low-lying coastal deltas). The regional impacts of climate change will vary widely depending on existing population vulnerability. Health outcomes of climate change can be grouped into those of: (a) direct physical consequences, e.g. heat mortality or drowning; (b) physical/chemical sequelae, e.g. atmospheric transport and formation of air pollutants; (c) physical/biological consequences, e.g. response of vector-and waterborne diseases, and food production; and (d) sociodemographic impacts, e.g. climate or environmentally induced migration or population dislocation. Better understanding of the linkages between climate variability as a determinant of disease will be important, among other key factors, in constructing predictive models to guide public health prevention.

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Changing Weather on Public Health

Patz

Engelberg²

2000

Annu. Rev. Public Health

178

111

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“…A major task for science which investigates public health issues is to provide policymakers and their public constituency with a clearer description of the anticipated future health impacts of global environmental change (Last 1993, McMichael 1993. The integrated systems and modelling approach introduced here enables the health consequences of several types of global environmental changes to be evaluated simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global atmospheric change and human health: an integrated modelling approach

Martens¹

1996

Clim. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Only recently has attention been paid to the possible consequences of global environmental problems for human health. There is stdl much to be learned about the potential health effect of global environmental changes. Major phenomena that can be expected to have a significant health effect include climate change, ozone depletion and air pollution. Currently, the health impacts of such global atmospheric changes are being investigated separately although in many instances ~nteractions are possible if not probable. Examining the health impact of global environmental problems by dividing them into components may well be a useful approach to analyzing the contribution of the various impacts. However, if these problems are to be analyzed comprehensively, and where responses need to be developed, a holistic approach would seem to be the most promising.

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“…malignant melanoma) and tissue degeneration (e.g. skin, eye lens) but also immunosuppression (18,19).…”

Section: Environmental Destruction and Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health in the Twentieth Century: Advances and Challenges

Fielding

1999

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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▪ Abstract Substantial advances in public health methods, practice, and the health of the public have occurred in the twentieth century. Some of the contributions most notable for their impact on mortality and longevity are vaccine development and widespread use, smallpox eradication, large reductions in communicable disease epidemics, and the rise and decline of several serious chronic diseases. Many methodological advances have facilitated better understanding of disease processes and opportunities for control. Epidemiological methods have advanced, but studies often ignore the determinants of health at the community level and above, leading to simplistic formulations of multiple risk factors contributing to chronic and other diseases and injuries. Occupational and environmental health developed as disciplines in this century, making significant contributions to current and future population health. The health care system became more organized, technologically sophisticated, and costly. New tools to assess health and the burden of ill health, to improve the effectiveness of interventions, and to measure economic effects of alternative investments promise greater efficiency and effectiveness for public health. An increasingly fragmented public health infrastructure must confront unprecedented challenges including dramatic global population growth, increased aging of the population associated with enhanced longevity, and possible irreversible changes in key environmental health determinants.

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Global Change: Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Warming, and Public Health

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

The Effects of Changing Weather on Public Health

The Effects of Changing Weather on Public Health

Global atmospheric change and human health: an integrated modelling approach

Public Health in the Twentieth Century: Advances and Challenges

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