Global distribution and atmospheric transport of chlorinated hydrocarbons: HCH (BHC) isomers and DDT compounds in the Western Pacific, Eastern Indian and Antarctic Oceans

Tanabe, Shinsuke; Tatsukawa, Ryo; Kawano, Masahide; Hidaka, Hideo

doi:10.1007/bf02110285

Cited by 139 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including typical representatives of this group of chemicals such as technical hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), have been extensively studied in the last 30 years, due to their large production and usage, their impact on non-target organisms, bioaccumulation, and persistence in the environment (Woodwell et al, 1971;Tanabe et al, 1982;Iwata et al, 1994;Lee et al, 2001). In aquatic environment, these compounds can enter marine and freshwater ecosystems through effluents release, atmospheric deposition, runoff, and other means (Zhou et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (HCH and DDT) in sediments collected from East China Sea

Yang

Jiang

Zhou

et al. 2005

Environment International

138

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Sediments used in this study were collected from different depths of eight sites in East China Sea in November 2002. The levels and distribution patterns of the selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs = p,pV-DDT, o,pV-DDT, p,pV-DDE, p,pV-DDD, a-, h-, g-and y-HCH) in samples were investigated by the technique of sonication extraction followed by the analysis of gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a micro-electron capture detector (AECD). The concentrations of AHCH and ADDT in the surface sediments were in the range of < 0.05 -1.45 ng/g (mean 0.76 ng/g), < 0.06 -6.04 ng/g (mean 3.05 ng/g) based on dry weight (dw), respectively. In the vertical distributions, the AHCH and ADDT were in the range of < 0.05 -2.52 ng/g, < 0.06 -10.94 ng/g dw, respectively. Residues of OCPs varied significantly with different sampling sites. ADDT in the surface sediments was correlated well with total organic carbon (TOC) content (r 2 = 0.71), while AHCH showed no obvious correlation. The distribution showed that the sediments from the vicinity estuary or near shore had higher TOC contents, and higher OCPs concentrations. The contamination record indicated an extensive use of OCPs in the catchments from Yangtze River in the past might greatly affect the OCP residues. D

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (HCH and DDT) in sediments collected from East China Sea

Yang

Jiang

Zhou

et al. 2005

Environment International

138

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“…The Atlantic values reported by Mikhaylov (1979), for 2 transects during 1973 and 1975 between Norway and Iceland, are anomalously high and probably represent a misprint. Surface water and atmospheric XDDT levels in the Pacific and IndoPacific region are higher in the southern hemisphere which probably reflects terrestrial usage (Tanabe & Tatsukawa 1980, Tanabe et al 1982a. Finally, there is no obvious temporal trend in oceanic EDDT levels (Table 5).…”

Section: Oceanic Surface Watersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Organochlorine dynamics between zooplankton and their environment, a reassessment

Harding¹

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The level of organochlorine contamination in estuarine, coastal or oceanic waters and various depth strata, including surface films, is important in predicting bioaccumulation in zooplankton. Present and past levels of contamination in seawater are briefly reviewed and summarized. Most of the evidence indcates that little organochlorine is truly dissolved in seawater: most molecules are sorbed onto particulate material or sequestered into rnicellar structures. A first-order l n e t i c model is adequate to describe the accumulation of organochlorines by zooplankton from seawater because current laboratory techniques are not refined enough to disbnguish pathways within the organism. The chemical nature of the compounds, such as chlorine content, influences the time taken to reach an equilibrium level in an organism and the bioaccumulation at equilibrium. Size of organism, and temperature and salinity of the environment affect organochlorine uptake rates; this is believed to be related to the weight-specific surface area of the zooplankter exposed per unit time. The lipid content influences the carrying capacity of the zooplankter or its bloconcentration factor from seawater The same kinetic model can be expanded to include organochlorines asslmllated through feeding on contaminated food. Experimental studies have shown that 'field' levels of contamination in zooplankton can be reached in the lab within days by accumulation from food. The transfer of organochlorines from generation to generation in the lipid-nch eggs of zooplankters is discussed and explored with the l n e t i c model. Juvenile stages are prehcted to contain the highest organochlorine levels after yolk absorption and therefore should expenence the greatest n~ortality. Finally, it is concluded, from consideration of present levels of contamination, that the water column is the present and probably ultimate repository of most organochlorine compounds in the marine environment and that zooplankton play a major role in distributing organochlorines from atmospheric 'fallout' throughout the ocean depths.

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“…Each continent and even remote areas like the deserts, the Arctic (Barrie et al, 1992), the Antarctic (Tanabe et al, 1982;Bidleman et al, 1993) and open oceans (Hargrave et al, 1988;Iwata et al, 1993) reported high levels of POPs. The distribution of PCBs around the world has been discussed in many studies (Mes, 1987).…”

Section: Evidence For Long-range Transport Of Popsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Environmental and Human Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants

Jacob¹,

Cherian²

2013

ASS

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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have a very long life and they persist in the environment for a very long time and have a long life in soils, sediments, air or biota. There has been a recent upsurge of interest in the development of low cost reliable measures which are required in order to detect and trace current concentration levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as a result of increasing levels of accumulation within the living organism, transformation as well as toxicity making it ideal to examine the impact on the environment which has been the focus of this review. There are still debates that rage around the issue including relevance of some physio pathologic effects of POPs on the human body along with epidemiological and clinical effects on the human population. Hence in this review there is examination, debating and presenting of arguments in relation to the sources, properties and types of POPs in the atmosphere along with examining the toxicity, analytical techniques and monitoring of atmospheric and biological concentration of POPs in the human population.

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Global distribution and atmospheric transport of chlorinated hydrocarbons: HCH (BHC) isomers and DDT compounds in the Western Pacific, Eastern Indian and Antarctic Oceans

Cited by 139 publications

References 23 publications

Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (HCH and DDT) in sediments collected from East China Sea

Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (HCH and DDT) in sediments collected from East China Sea

Organochlorine dynamics between zooplankton and their environment, a reassessment

Review of Environmental and Human Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants

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