Global distribution of hydrologic controls on forest growth

Roebroek, Caspar T. J.; Melsen, Lieke; Dijke, Anne J. Hoek van; Fan, Ying; Teuling, Adriaan J.

doi:10.5194/hess-2020-32

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In local studies, paired comparisons of shallow and deep water tables within the same wet macroclimate have shown similar patterns of lower biomass productivity and basal area (Castilho et al, 2006, 2010; Ferry et al, 2010) with higher tree mortality (Ferry et al, 2010; Toledo, Magnusson, et al, 2011) and recruitment rates (Ferry et al, 2010) in seasonally waterlogged forests with a shallower water table than on deeper water table hilltops, as we now find here to occur at an Amazon‐wide scale. In a global analysis, based on remote sensing data, WTD was associated with forest productivity, stimulating or hindering vegetation growth depending on climate (Roebroek et al, 2020), and our large‐scale on‐the‐ground assessment of this effect supports those results for the Amazonian forests, but here with above‐ground wood productivity data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Our results show that the landscape‐scale patterns of Amazonian forest structure and dynamics are affected by groundwater and its interaction with climatic conditions. Therefore, WTD is an especially important environmental variable to be considered in modelling the effects of climate change on vegetation (Fan et al, 2013; Fan & Miguez‐Macho, 2011; Roebroek et al, 2020; Taylor et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amazon-wide scale. In a global analysis, based on remote sensing data, WTD was associated with forest productivity, stimulating or hindering vegetation growth depending on climate(Roebroek et al, 2020), and our large-scale on-the-ground assessment of this F I G U R E 4 Partial-dependence plot of the interaction between maximum cumulative water deficit (MCWD) and water table depth on biomass productivity. In order to visualize interactions, climate was divided into three classes based on the standard deviation around the mean.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Water table depth modulates productivity and biomass across Amazonian forests

Sousa

Schietti

Ribeiro

et al. 2022

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim: Water availability is the major driver of tropical forest structure and dynamics. Most research has focused on the impacts of climatic water availability, whereas remarkably little is known about the influence of water table depth and excess soil water on forest processes. Nevertheless, given that plants take up water from the soil, the impacts of climatic water supply on plants are likely to be modulated by soil water conditions.Location: Lowland Amazonian forests.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water table depth modulates productivity and biomass across Amazonian forests

Sousa

Schietti

Ribeiro

et al. 2022

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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“…Soils rich in organic matter can hold more water and are often less permeable to water flow than the underlying mineral soils ( 8 ). In the European domain of this study, trees that may increase evaporation, dry the soil, and induce decay of organic matter ( 9 – 12 ) do not grow well under such wet and organic conditions ( 7 , 13 , 14 ). Hence, organic matter accumulation, which increases soil wetness, suppresses tree growth, and thus stimulates further organic matter accumulation, is a strong feedback sequence that reinforces the wet state of wetlands ( 7 , 8 , 13 ).…”

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confidence: 94%

Emerging forest–peatland bistability and resilience of European peatland carbon stores

Velde

Temme

Nijp

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Northern peatlands store large amounts of carbon. Observations indicate that forests and peatlands in northern biomes can be alternative stable states for a range of landscape settings. Climatic and hydrological changes may reduce the resilience of peatlands and forests, induce persistent shifts between these states, and release the carbon stored in peatlands. Here, we present a dynamic simulation model constrained and validated by a wide set of observations to quantify how feedbacks in water and carbon cycling control resilience of both peatlands and forests in northern landscapes. Our results show that 34% of Europe (area) has a climate that can currently sustain existing rainwater-fed peatlands (raised bogs). However, raised bog initiation and restoration by water conservation measures after the original peat soil has disappeared is only possible in 10% of Europe where the climate allows raised bogs to initiate and outcompete forests. Moreover, in another 10% of Europe, existing raised bogs (concerning ∼20% of the European raised bogs) are already affected by ongoing climate change. Here, forests may overgrow peatlands, which could potentially release in the order of 4% (∼24 Pg carbon) of the European soil organic carbon pool. Our study demonstrates quantitatively that preserving and restoring peatlands requires looking beyond peatland-specific processes and taking into account wider landscape-scale feedbacks with forest ecosystems.

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“…In a healthy and connected forest, seed sources are ample. Although different communities could be present following differences in edaphoclimatic conditions (Roebroek et al, 2020), seed dispersal maintains the balance between mature and regenerating individuals within each community, assuring the continuity of the forest (Whisenant, 1999). The time it takes for a seedling to become a mature tree depends on species characteristics, available canopy gaps and site conditions (Popma et al, 1992; Whisenant, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment credit cannot compensate for extinction debt in a degraded dry Afromontane forest

Hishe

Giday

Fremout

et al. 2022

J Vegetation Science

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Question Anthropogenic disturbances severely affect dryland forests worldwide, but their effects on woody species population structure and long‐term persistence remain poorly understood. Location The research was conducted in Desa'a, a dry Afromontane forest in northern Ethiopia, Tigray region. Aims Woody species diversity, extinction debt, recruitment credit and colonisation credit were quantified and mapped based on an inventory of mature and regenerating individuals in 303 systematically sampled plots. Methods To assess tree species population dynamics at the neighbourhood scale, each plot was pooled with 16 neighbouring plots, in which species composition in the mature and regeneration layers was compared to determine the number of regenerating species, extinction debt, recruitment credit and colonisation credit. At the regional scale (150,000 ha), all plots were pooled to obtain the number of regenerating species, extinction debt and recruitment credit. Results The average density of the mature layer was 1,482 individuals per ha, representing 84 species and 44 families, with Juniperus procera and Olea europaea dominating. The regeneration layer had an average density of 14,909 individuals per hectare, with Dodonaea angustifolia and Cadia purpurea dominating. At the neighbourhood scale, the average number of regenerating species, extinction debt, recruitment credit and colonisation credit amounted to 12, 13, 5 and 68 species. Regionally, there were 58 regenerating species, an extinction debt of 26 species, and a recruitment credit of 12 species. Extinction debt was more than twice as high as recruitment credit at both the neighbourhood and regional scale. Conclusion Although regeneration density seemed sufficient to maintain forest density, it consisted of only a few species and is inadequate to maintain species diversity. It is urgent that forest managers recognise this and step‐up conservation and restoration efforts in this important forest relic. Assisted restoration is needed for those species potentially at risk of extinction.

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Global distribution of hydrologic controls on forest growth

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Water table depth modulates productivity and biomass across Amazonian forests

Water table depth modulates productivity and biomass across Amazonian forests

Emerging forest–peatland bistability and resilience of European peatland carbon stores

Recruitment credit cannot compensate for extinction debt in a degraded dry Afromontane forest

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