Global distribution of nitrous oxide production and N inputs in freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems

Seitzinger, Sybil P.; Kroeze, Carolien

doi:10.1029/97gb03657

Cited by 536 publications

(417 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Inland waters are important players in the global budgets of longlived green-house gases (GHGs), acting as vigorous sources to the atmosphere of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (Raymond et al, 2013;Lauerwald et al, 2015;Borges et al, 2015a), methane (CH 4 ) (Bastviken et al, 2011;Borges et al, 2015a;Stanley et al, 2016), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) (Seitzinger and Kroeze, 1998;Hu et al, 2016). The largest fraction of global CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from riverine networks occurs at tropical and sub-tropical latitudes (Bloom et al, 2010;Raymond et al, 2013;Lauerwald et al, 2015;Borges et al, 2015b) that are in general more pristine than their temperate counter-parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The largest fraction of global CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from riverine networks occurs at tropical and sub-tropical latitudes (Bloom et al, 2010;Raymond et al, 2013;Lauerwald et al, 2015;Borges et al, 2015b) that are in general more pristine than their temperate counter-parts. Conversely, the largest fraction of global N 2 O emissions from riverine networks is assumed to occur in human impacted temperate rivers (Seitzinger and Kroeze, 1998;Hu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of agricultural land use on fluvial carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in a large European river, the Meuse (Belgium)

Borges

Darchambeau

Lambert

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

172

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• Large data-set of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O in the surface waters of the Meuse River We report a data-set of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O concentrations in the surface waters of the Meuse river network in Belgium, obtained during four surveys covering 50 stations (summer 2013 and late winter 2013, 2014 and 2015), from yearly cycles in four rivers of variable size and catchment land cover, and from 111 groundwater samples. Surface waters of the Meuse river network were over-saturated in CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O with respect to atmospheric equilibrium, acting as sources of these greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, although the dissolved gases also showed marked seasonal and spatial variations. Seasonal variations were related to changes in freshwater discharge following the hydrological cycle, with highest concentrations of CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O during low water owing to a longer water residence time and lower currents (i.e. lower gas transfer velocities), both contributing to the accumulation of gases in the water column, combined with higher temperatures favourable to microbial processes. Inter-annual differences of discharge also led to differences in CH 4 and N 2 O that were higher in years with prolonged low water periods. Spatial variations were mostly due to differences in land cover over the catchments, with systems dominated by agriculture (croplands and pastures) having higher CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O levels than forested systems. This seemed to be related to higher levels of dissolved and particulate organic matter, as well as dissolved inorganic nitrogen in agriculture dominated systems compared to forested ones. Groundwater had very low CH 4 concentrations in the shallow and unconfined aquifers (mostly fractured limestones) of the Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n vMeuse basin, hence, should not contribute significantly to the high CH 4 levels in surface riverine waters. Owing to high dissolved concentrations, groundwater could potentially transfer important quantities of CO 2 and N 2 O to surface waters of the Meuse basin, although this hypothesis remains to be tested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of agricultural land use on fluvial carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in a large European river, the Meuse (Belgium)

Borges

Darchambeau

Lambert

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

172

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“…However, current methods to estimate global emissions are based upon such assumptions [IPCC, 2006;Seitzinger and Kroeze, 1998]. While controls on rates of nitrification and denitrification are well characterized in aquatic ecosystems (Table 1), factors affecting the N 2 O yields of these processes are not well known, and much of our knowledge of these yields comes from terrestrial ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much work has been dedicated to quantifying N 2 O fluxes from soils, but fluxes from aquatic sources are still poorly characterized. This poor knowledge of aquatic fluxes continues despite the twofold to twentyfold increase in riverine N concentrations in numerous regions [Vitousek et al, 1997], the prediction that N-loading will continue to increase [Tilman et al, 2001], observed relationships between N concentrations and N 2 O production [Firestone and Davidson, 1989], and models of the global N 2 O budget that suggest rivers, streams and estuaries are large emissions sources [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Beaulieu et al, 2010a] particularly in the northern hemisphere [Seitzinger and Kroeze, 1998]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen enrichment and the emission of nitrous oxide from streams

Baulch¹,

Schiff²,

Maranger³

et al. 2011

Global Biogeochem. Cycles

125

101

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[1] Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a potent greenhouse gas produced during nitrogen cycling. Global nitrogen enrichment has resulted in increased atmospheric N 2 O concentrations due in large part to increased soil emissions. There is also a potentially important flux from streams, rivers and estuaries; although measurements of these emissions are sparse, and role of aquatic ecosystems in global N 2 O budgets remains highly uncertain. Using the longest-term measurements of N 2 O fluxes from streams to date, we found annual fluxes from 14 sites in five streams of south-central Ontario, Canada varied widely-from net uptake of 3.2 ± 0.2 (standard deviation) mmol N 2 O m −2 d −1 to net release of 776 ± 61 mmol N 2 O m −2 d −1 . N 2 O consumption was associated with very low nitrate concentrations (<2.7 mM). Mean annual (log-transformed) N 2 O emissions from our study streams (across sites and years) were positively related to nitrate concentrations (r 2 = 0.59).This nitrate-N 2 O relationship can be generalized across all 20 streams (in Canada, Japan, Mexico, and the midwestern United States) for which published data now exist and could provide a new basis for the IPCC to calculate agricultural emissions from streams. In addition to predicting annual emissions, we present the first measurements of N 2 O concentrations under ice in streams. Nitrate was a strong predictor of N 2 O % saturation during periods of ice cover (r 2 = 0.89), when gas exchange is negligible. Given the small surface area of streams within a catchment and the fact our measured areal fluxes are comparable to reported fluxes from agricultural soils, this suggests streams are a small regional N 2 O source.Citation: Baulch, H. M., S. L. Schiff, R. Maranger, and P. J. Dillon (2011), Nitrogen enrichment and the emission of nitrous oxide from streams, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 25, GB4013,

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“…The oceans are also a significant source of other important long-lived greenhouse gases, particularly CH 4 and N 2 O (Nevison et al, 1995;Bates et al, 1996;Lelieveld et al, 1998;Seitzinger and Kroeze, 1998;UpstillGoddard et al, 2000). Both gases are produced biologically within the oceans.…”

Section: Methane and Nitrous Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the oceans in climate

Bigg

Jickells

Liss

et al. 2003

Intl Journal of Climatology

126

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The ocean is increasingly seen as a vital component of the climate system. It exchanges with the atmosphere large quantities of heat, water, gases, particles and momentum. It is an important part of the global redistribution of heat from tropics to polar regions keeping our planet habitable, particularly equatorward of about 30°. In this article we review recent work examining the role of the oceans in climate, focusing on research in the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC and later. We discuss the general nature of oceanic climate variability and the large role played by stochastic variability in the interaction of the atmosphere and ocean. We consider the growing evidence for biogeochemical interaction of climatic significance between ocean and atmosphere. Air-sea exchange of several radiatively important gases, in particular CO 2 , is a major mechanism for altering their atmospheric concentrations. Some more reactive gases, such as dimethyl sulphide, can alter cloud formation and hence albedo. Particulates containing iron and originating over land can alter ocean primary productivity and hence feedbacks to other biogeochemical exchanges. We show that not only the tropical Pacific Ocean basin can exhibit coupled ocean-atmosphere interaction, but also the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Longer lived interactions in the North Pacific and Southern Ocean (the circumpolar wave) are also reviewed. The role of the thermohaline circulation in long-term and abrupt climatic change is examined, with the freshwater budget of the ocean being a key factor for the degree, and longevity, of change. The potential for the Mediterranean outflow to contribute to abrupt change is raised. We end by examining the probability of thermohaline changes in a future of global warming.

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Global distribution of nitrous oxide production and N inputs in freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems

Cited by 536 publications

References 95 publications

Effects of agricultural land use on fluvial carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in a large European river, the Meuse (Belgium)

Effects of agricultural land use on fluvial carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in a large European river, the Meuse (Belgium)

Nitrogen enrichment and the emission of nitrous oxide from streams

The role of the oceans in climate

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