Global drug shortages due to COVID-19: Impact on patient care and mitigation strategies

Badreldin, Hisham A.; Atallah, Bassam

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.017

Cited by 154 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…19 Similarly, drug and PPE shortages resulting from supply chain disruptions have been identified as a challenge in restarting surgeries. 27,28 Provincial supply chains must be robust to secure sufficient drugs and PPE. Modelling requirements and supply for health human resources, beds, critical medications and PPE would be beneficial future steps.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clearing the surgical backlog caused by COVID-19 in Ontario: a time series modelling study

Wang

Vahid

Eberg

et al. 2020

CMAJ

140

163

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declared a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has exacted a massive global impact on health, politics and the economy. 1 With some jurisdictions past the peak of the first wave, the strain on the health care system is becoming apparent-specifically, the impact on surgical care. 2 The CovidSurg Collaborative estimated that 28 404 603 surgeries would be cancelled or postponed across 190 countries in the initial 12 weeks of COVID-19, including 37.7% of cancer surgeries and 81.7% of other (benign) surgeries. 3 If countries increased normal surgical volume by 20%, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog. Modelling postpandemic recovery for elective orthopedic surgery in the United States suggested it would take 7-16 months to reach a steady state with a backlog of more than 1 million surgeries. 4 On Mar. 15, 2020, Ontario's Ministry of Health directed hospitals to begin a measured "ramping down of elective surgeries and other nonemergent clinical activity" in anticipation of a COVID-19 surge. 5 On May 26, 2020, the Ministry of Health lifted the directive, allowing hospitals to gradually increase elective and time-sensitive surgeries. 6 The reduction in nonemergent surgeries in Ontario because of COVID-19 has created a substantial surgical backlog. Our objective was to estimate the size of the nonemergent surgical backlog owing to COVID-19 in Ontario, and the time and resources required to clear this backlog. Methods The framework for developing these estimates is outlined in Figure 1. At the recommendation of our regional and hospital partners for feasible surge scenarios, we considered a +10% (1 d per week at 50% capacity) surge scenario, adding 8 hours per day incremental to a 5-day operating week. We included surgeries performed in a fully equipped operating room and categorized RESEARCH HEALTH SERVICES

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clearing the surgical backlog caused by COVID-19 in Ontario: a time series modelling study

Wang

Vahid

Eberg

et al. 2020

CMAJ

140

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…An economic disruption without precedent has occurred together with a dramatic increase in the consumption of health products worldwide. Global drug shortages were triggered by inadequate quantities of raw materials, procurement and manufacturing issues, and drug discontinuations [ 27 ]. In Brazil, drug shortages also involved importation difficulties, exorbitant costs, compulsory advance payments, and non-compliance with agreed quantities and delivery deadlines.…”

Section: Pharmaceutical Services’ Preparedness and Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Preparedness of pharmacists to respond to the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a comprehensive overview

Martins

Medeiros

Almeida

et al. 2020

Drugs Ther Perspect

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The outbreak of COVID-19 in low-and middle-income countries is worrisome due to the social inequalities in these countries, their limited health budgets and the significant burden of other acute and chronic diseases. The leap in the number of cases in Brazil has imposed a huge strain on the healthcare system. We sought to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges encountered by pharmacy services in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic emergency in Brazil and discuss the role of clinical pharmacists in this context. Pharmaceutical services play a key role in the emergency response to the pandemic. The pharmacy workforce has been actively working to manage drug shortages, redesign workflow, and review drug formularies/protocols to improve safety for patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs). COVID-19 patients may present high risk in the use of medications and clinical pharmacists can contribute substantially as part of a multidisciplinary team to improve outcomes in drug therapy in severe and critical illness. The participation of pharmacists as members of antimicrobial stewardship programs should be enhanced to ensure appropriate and safe use of antibiotics in this context. HCPs should be encouraged to seek improvements in the performance of pharmaceutical services and innovative practices to respond to the pandemic. Further studies are needed to generate knowledge on COVID-19 to improve patient care in vulnerable populations.

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“…According to the research prediction from The Lancet and the reference of R 0 value (2.68) of Wuhan, China, the pandemic will last for up to three months. 4,5 Therefore, taking the backup inventory days of 12 weeks (three months) as the upper limit, the drug at Levels 13 to 16 of the hazard index in the risk assessment matrix should increase the backup stock of 12 weeks; nine weeks for Levels 9 to 12; six weeks for levels 5 to 8; three weeks for levels 1 to 4. Finally, according to the hazard index ranking of the risk assessment result of each drug, the action strategies of increasing the backup stock of different weeks and searching for alternatives were carried out.…”

Section: Risk Assessment Mechanism Of Drug Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, it has a great impact on the supply of medicines in the global pharmaceutical industries and increases the risk of global chain broken. It also puts the Hospital to be taken to prepare and handle drug shortages [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment and Management of Drug Inventory in Hospitals during COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan

Lee¹,

Lu²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the suspension of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) production in China, the source of the global largest medication supply chain, resulting in the potential risks of hospital insufficient drug stocks affecting clinical treatment. If all drug inventory of the hospital increased, the short-term drug shortage risk can be reduced, but the inventory costs will be increased. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish a risk assessment mechanism for inventory management of APIs from China, to identify the medical priorities affected by drug shortages, and to plan different countermeasures to achieve the best effect of inventory management. Methods In this study, the tables of "Incidence of Drug Shortage" and "Impact Level of Drug Shortage" related to the risk of drug inventory were developed, which were evaluated in four levels respectively, and "Drug Shortage Risk Assessment Matrix" was designed according to the probability of drug shortage and impact according to the model data of Reproductive Number (R0) value and pandemic prediction. Each drug requiring APIs from China was evaluated and ranked according to the hazard index, so as to increase the different inventory and to find alternatives. Results We have evaluated the inventory risk level of drugs requiring APIs from China through the risk assessment mechanism, and increased the different backup stock according to the levels. The total increasing purchase amount was NTD 4.85 million, which could reduce the stock cost by about 2/3 compared with NTD 14.61 million of the total inventories for three months. Conclusions The study shows that there are significant differences between scientific inventory management and general method during COVID-19 pandemic. It can provide a reliable reference for other hospitals to adjust drug stocks in the face of other emerging infectious diseases or major emergencies by using the innovative mechanism.

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Global drug shortages due to COVID-19: Impact on patient care and mitigation strategies

Cited by 154 publications

References 19 publications

Clearing the surgical backlog caused by COVID-19 in Ontario: a time series modelling study

Clearing the surgical backlog caused by COVID-19 in Ontario: a time series modelling study

Preparedness of pharmacists to respond to the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a comprehensive overview

Risk Assessment and Management of Drug Inventory in Hospitals during COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan

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