Global epidemiology of vaccine-derived poliovirus 2016–2021: A descriptive analysis and retrospective case-control study

Lai, Yi An; Chen, Xin; Kunasekaran, Mohana; Rahman, Bayzidur; MacIntyre, C Raina

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101508

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Author details 1 Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Legon, Ghana. 2 Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana. 3 Volta Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Ho, Ghana.…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poliomyelitis (polio), a highly contagious faecal-orally transmitted viral disease, remains a major public health concern [1]. The disease commonly affects children less than five years old and manifests as acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) capable of resulting in irreversible paralysis or death [2]. Of the three poliovirus types 1 , 2 and 3 that cause poliomyelitis, wild poliovirus type 2 was has not been detected since 1999 and was declared eradicated in 2015 while wild poliovirus type 3 was last reported in 2012 [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019

et al. 2023

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Background The global switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to bivalent OPV in April 2016 without corresponding co-administration of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) until June 2018, created a cohort of poliovirus type 2 naïve children with risk of developing vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2). In November and December 2019, two cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) were confirmed in quick succession through Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region. We investigated to determine the outbreak extent, identify risk factors and implement control and preventive measures. Methods We interviewed case-patients’ families, abstracted immunization records, assessed AFP surveillance and conducted rapid OPV and IPV vaccination coverage surveys. Using AFP case definition of any child less than 15 years in the community with sudden onset of paralysis from July to November 2019 (in case-patient 1’s district) and August to December 2019 (in case-patient 2’s district), we conducted active case search. Stool samples from apparently healthy children and close contacts of the case-patients were collected and tested for poliovirus. We conducted environmental assessment of the community to identify potential risk factors. Results Case-patient 1 was an eight-year-old female who had taken two doses of OPV while case-patient 2 was an eight-month-old male who had taken three out of required four OPV doses in addition to IPV at seven months. Families of both case-patients had either travelled to or received visitors from areas with confirmed cVDPV2. Of all children surveyed, eight (29.6%) of 27 and three (18.8%) of 16 eligible children in communities of case-patient 1 and 2 respectively had received required four doses of OPV. No AFP case was found in both communities and surrounding settlements. Both communities had no source of potable water and toilet facilities. A stool sample from a contact of case-patient 1 tested positive for cVDPV2. Conclusion Outbreaks of cVDPV2 occurred in insanitary, under-vaccinated nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region. Three rounds of monovalent OPV vaccination campaigns for children under 5 years of age in the districts and region as well as countrywide IPV vaccination campaign for poliovirus type 2 naïve cohort were conducted.

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Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019

et al. 2023

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“…Such vaccines also put livestock animals at risk of vaccinederived LSD (Figure 5), a scenario that has been previously reported with the live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV). The OPV is infamously associated with the incidence of vaccinederived polio, wherein the OPV strains undergo partial reversion to become virulent again (Lai et al, 2022). Consequently, the developed nations have ceased administering OPV and replaced it with the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) (Lai et al, 2022).…”

Section: Causes Of Lsdv Resurgence: From Ground Reality To Speculatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OPV is infamously associated with the incidence of vaccinederived polio, wherein the OPV strains undergo partial reversion to become virulent again (Lai et al, 2022). Consequently, the developed nations have ceased administering OPV and replaced it with the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) (Lai et al, 2022). Similar instances may be possible with LSDV, where partial reversion to a virulent type may be responsible for inflicting vaccinederived LSD.…”

Section: Causes Of Lsdv Resurgence: From Ground Reality To Speculatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpy Skin Disease: A Comprehensive Review on Virus Biology, Pathogenesis, and Sudden Global Emergence

Moudgil¹,

Chadha²,

Khullar³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is an animal virus and a member of the Poxviridae family, which causes lumpy skin disease (LSD) in livestock animals like cows and buffaloes. LSD is an important transboundary disease of economic importance that was first discovered in 1929 in Zambia. LSDV has been prevalent in African countries, where several outbreaks have been reported previously. However, the virus has spread rapidly across the Middle East in the past two decades, reaching Russia and, recently, the Asian subcontinent. With the unprecedented cluster outbreaks reported across Asian countries, LSDV is certainly undergoing an epidemiological shift and expanding its geographical footprint globally. The recent LSD outbreaks have gained attention from global regulatory authorities and raised serious concerns among epidemiologists and veterinary researchers. Although there is no dearth of knowledge about LSDV, the disease lacks networked global surveillance and management, consequently making the current statistics deficient, fragmented, and unreliable. Hence, recurrent LSD outbreaks seriously threaten the global livestock industry. This review provides recent insights into LSDV by augmenting latest literature associated with its epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, currently-available intervention strategies, and economic implications on the dairy industries. The review also critically examines the changing epidemiological footprint of LSD and speculates on the possible reasons contributing to the ongoing multi-country LSD outbreak.

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“…These strains, with reverted neurovirulence, can produce paralysis similarly to wild poliovirus in populations with low OPV coverage. 1 , 5 , 6 Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) offers protection against paralytic disease by inducing a strong humoral response but confers a weak mucosal response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The growing threat of wild poliovirus 1 and vaccine-derived cases in the COVID-19 era

Franco‐Paredes

Rodríguez‐Morales²,

Henao-Martínez³

et al. 2022

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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Global epidemiology of vaccine-derived poliovirus 2016–2021: A descriptive analysis and retrospective case-control study

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019

Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019

Lumpy Skin Disease: A Comprehensive Review on Virus Biology, Pathogenesis, and Sudden Global Emergence

The growing threat of wild poliovirus 1 and vaccine-derived cases in the COVID-19 era

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