Global mapping of maximum emission heights and resulting vertical profiles of wildfire emissions

Sofiev, M.; Vankevich, Roman; Ermakova, Tatiana S.; Hakkarainen, Janne

doi:10.5194/acp-13-7039-2013

Cited by 104 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This leads to lower nocturnal InjH which are amplified by the combination of nighttime stable atmosphere and lower PBL (Sofiev et al, 2013). However some meteorological conditions can intensify fire activity over night, as for example the Santa Ana foehn wind (Sharples, 2009), and keep them running.…”

Section: Physics Of Landscape Fire Plumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Landscape fires produce smoke containing a very wide variety of chemical species, both gases and aerosols. For larger, more intense fires that produce the greatest amounts of emissions per unit time, the smoke tends initially to be transported vertically or semi-vertically close by the source region, driven by the intense heat and convective energy released by the burning vegetation. The column of hot smoke rapidly entrains cooler ambient air, forming a rising plume within which the fire emissions are transported. The characteristics of this plume, and in particular the height to which it rises before releasing the majority of the smoke burden into the wider atmosphere, are important in terms of how the fire emissions are ultimately transported, since for example winds at different altitudes may be quite different. This difference in atmospheric transport then may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents, with for example very high plume injection heights being associated with extreme long-range atmospheric transport. Here we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in largerscale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system. In particular we detail (i) satellite Earth observation data sets capable of being used to remotely assess wildfire plume height distributions and (ii) the driving characteristics of the causal fires. We also discuss both the physical mechanisms and dynamics taking place in fire plumes and investigate the efficiency and limitations of currently available injection height parameterizations. Finally, we conclude by suggesting some future parameterization developments and ideas on Earth observation data selection that may be relevant to the instigation of enhanced methodologies aimed at injection height representation.

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Section: Physics Of Landscape Fire Plumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models

et al. 2016

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“…In addition, observations show that under favorable atmospheric conditions strong fires can enhance deep convection, injecting plumes more than 5 km into the free troposphere (Cammas et al, 2009;Fromm et al, 2010;Val Martin et al, 2010;Sofiev et al, 2013). Model studies have also found that limiting fire emissions to the boundary layer underestimates their influence in downwind regions (Cook et al, 2007;Freitas et al, 2007;Brioude et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2009;Jian and Fu, 2014).…”

Section: Biomass Burning Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Assessment of global-scale model performance for global and regional ozone distributions, variability, and trends

Young

Naik

Fiore

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

264

274

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The goal of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is to provide the research community with an up-to-date scientific assessment of tropospheric ozone, from the surface to the tropopause. While a suite of observations provides significant information on the spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric ozone, observational gaps make it necessary to use global atmospheric chemistry models to synthesize our understanding of the processes and variables that control tropospheric ozone abundance and its variability. Models facilitate the interpretation of the observations and allow us to make projections of future tropospheric ozone and trace gas distributions for different anthropogenic or natural perturbations. This paper assesses the skill of current-generation global atmospheric chemistry models in simulating the observed present-day tropospheric ozone distribution, variability, and trends. Drawing upon the results of recent international multi-model intercomparisons and using a range of model evaluation techniques, we demonstrate that global chemistry models are broadly skillful in capturing the spatio-temporal variations of tropospheric ozone over the seasonal cycle, for extreme pollution episodes, and changes over interannual to decadal periods. However, models are consistently biased high in the northern hemisphere and biased low in the southern hemisphere, throughout the depth of the troposphere, and are unable to replicate particular metrics that define the longer term trends in tropospheric ozone as derived from some background sites. When the models compare unfavorably against observations, we discuss the potential causes of model biases and propose directions for future developments, including improved evaluations that may be able to better diagnose the root cause of the model-observation disparity. Overall, model results should be approached critically, including determining whether the model performance is acceptable for the problem being addressed, whether biases can be tolerated or corrected, whether the model is appropriately constituted, and whether there is a way to satisfactorily quantify the uncertainty.

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“…Several studies have proposed plume models or parameterisation of the top height of the plumes, based on empirical methods or on the use of satellite observations (Tosca et al, 2011;Val Martin et al, 2010). A determination of the vertical profiles of fires emissions at the global scale was proposed by Sofiev et al (2013), based on satellite observations and semi-empirical formulas. An example is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Atmosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19, which highlights the importance of meteorology in the day-night variation of the height of fire plumes. It is worth noting that the diurnal variation of the injection height is significant such that one can practically consider two independent data sets, one for daytime and one for night-time, with transition during morning and evening (Sofiev et al, 2013). The influence on ozone can be a combination of injection height and frequency .…”

Section: Atmosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Ozone holds a certain fascination in atmospheric science. It is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, central to tropospheric oxidation chemistry, yet harmful to human and ecosystem health as well as being an important greenhouse gas. It is not emitted into the atmosphere but is a byproduct of the very oxidation chemistry it largely initiates. Much effort is focused on the reduction of surface levels of ozone owing to its health and vegetation impacts, but recent efforts to achieve reductions in exposure at a country scale have proved difficult to achieve owing to increases in background ozone at the zonal hemispheric scale. There is also a growing realisation that the role of ozone as a short-lived climate pollutant could be important in integrated air quality climate change mitigation. This review examines current understanding of the processes regulating tropospheric ozone at global to local scales from both measurements and models. It takes the view that knowledge across the scales is important for dealing with air quality and climate change in a synergistic manner. The review shows that there remain a number of clear challenges for ozone such as explaining surface trends, incorporating new chemical understanding, ozone-climate coupling, and a better assessment of impacts. There is a clear and present need to treat ozone across the range of scales, a transboundary issue, but with an emphasis on the hemispheric scales. New observational opportunities are offered both by satellites and small sensors that bridge the scales.

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Global mapping of maximum emission heights and resulting vertical profiles of wildfire emissions

Cited by 104 publications

References 41 publications

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Assessment of global-scale model performance for global and regional ozone distributions, variability, and trends

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

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