Global patterns of rainfall partitioning by invasive woody plants

Whitworth‐Hulse, Juan I.; Magliano, Patricio N.; Zeballos, Sebastián Rodolfo; Aguiar, Sebastián; Baldi, Germán

doi:10.1111/geb.13218

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In relatively moister grasslands or savannas, the different positive ratios of carbon gain and water loss ultimately caused the EWUE to increase in semi-arid climates and decrease in dry sub-humid climates, and the impact on the EWUE in humid climates was minimal. The divergent findings might be explained by the various growth strategies used by the woody species to adapt to water conditions (Whitworth-Hulse et al, 2021), such as reduced leaf area in hyper-arid and arid areas (Supporting Information Table S6). Existing studies have shown that WPE led to aboveground net primary production declining in arid regions but increasing in semi-arid and sub-humid regions (Barger et al, 2011) and that WPE increased the landscape WUE of mesic grasslands but induced a decrease in WUE of wetlands (Brunsell et al, 2014;Budny & Benscoter, 2016).…”

Section: Effects Of Wpe On Trade-offs Between Gpp and Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water‐use efficiency

Deng

Shi

et al. 2021

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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Aim: Encroachment of woody plants into grasslands and savannas (WPE) has been observed world-wide. However, the general ecohydrological effects of this striking change in land cover are uncertain owing to divergent results in various areas and unknown global spatial distribution. Here, we reveal the patterns and dynamics of WPE and its effects on leaf area index (LAI), gross primary production (GPP), components of evapotranspiration (ET) and ecosystem water-use efficiency (EWUE). Location: Global. Time period: Contemporary. Major taxa studied: Woody plants. Methods: We used remote sensing to identify the distribution of WPE in 2002-2018, validated at 442 WPE sites, and analysed the pattern of WPE across geographical gradients. The multi-time-scale impacts of WPE were revealed through pairwise comparison. Differences among biomes/climate zones were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The relationship of WPE to vegetation greening and the effects of WPE on EWUE were explored. Results: Global WPE expanded persistently from 2002 to 2018, but the rate of increase decreased after 2010; spatially, the average rate of change was .3%/year. High values of WPE in 2018 occurred in arid and semi-arid regions, with the peak WPE in the multi-annual mean precipitation of 350-400 mm. Pairwise comparison showed that WPE increased the LAI, GPP, ET and ratio of transpiration to ET, with the strongest effects in summer, and enhanced annual EWUE. Both global pixel-and site-level WPE mainly showed vegetation greening. The above findings varied among bioclimatic conditions; particularly in semi-arid areas, WPE was positively correlated with vegetation greening and remarkably improved EWUE. Main conclusions: The ongoing WPE contributed to vegetation greening and elevated vegetation productivity by increasing the LAI and partitioning more water into transpiration; these findings indicate that the WPE process should be incorporated into the carbon cycle and ecohydrology models. However, attention should also be focused on controlling adverse consequences of WPE in arid areas.

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Section: Effects Of Wpe On Trade-offs Between Gpp and Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water‐use efficiency

Deng

Shi

et al. 2021

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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“…The branches of both shrubs are smooth, with a more developed cuticle layer on the surface of the S. psammophila branches, while the C. korshinskii branches contain oil and have waxy skin (Chao and Gong, 1999;Liu et al, 2010). The leaf morphology and epidermal characteristics of branches of C. korshinskii was more beneficial for SF generation than that of S. psammophila (Whitworth-Hulse et al, 2020b;Yuan et al 2017). It was found that big biomass of leaves, concave leaf shape and leaf pubescence are beneficial to promote the generation of SF (Yuan et al, 2016).…”

Section: Rainfall Partitioning and Influencing Factors At Inter-event Scalementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Rainfall partitioning by shrubs has been reported to be determined by various meteorological factors, including rainfall amount, duration and intensity and others (Levia and Frost, 2003;Magliano et al, 2019b) and by vegetation structure characteristics (Martinez-Meza and Whitford, 1996;Garcia-Estringana et al, 2010). Take the later for example, trees/shrubs with smooth barks, more branches and 80 vertical branching had advantages on SF generation (Honda et al, 2015;Magliano et al, 2019a;Whitworth-Hulse et al, 2020b), and a simple vegetation structure and low canopy density are generally corresponding to a relatively high TF rate and low IC rate (Soulsby et al, 2017). The complexity of shrub structure poses challenges to understand the causes of rainfall partitioning dynamics under different meteorological conditions, and it is necessary to 85 substantially explore the differences of rainfall partitioning dynamics and main influencing factors among different shrub species (Levia et al, 2010;Sadeghi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter- and intra-event rainfall partitioning dynamics of two typical xerophytic shrubs in the Loess Plateau of China

Gao

Yuan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Rainfall is known as the main water replenishment in dryland ecosystem, and rainfall partitioning by vegetation reshapes the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of rainwater entry into the soil. The dynamics of rainfall partitioning have been extensively studied at the inter-event scale, yet very few studies have explored its finer intra-event dynamics and the relating driving factors for shrubs. Here, we conducted a concurrent in-depth investigation of rainfall partitioning at inter- and intra-event scales for two typical xerophytic shrubs (Caragana korshinskii and Salix psammophila) in the Liudaogou catchment of the Loess Plateau, China. The event throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), and interception loss (IC) and their temporal variations within the rainfall event as well as the meteorological factors and vegetation characteristics were systematically measured during the 2014–2015 rainy seasons. The C. korshinskii had significantly higher SF percentage (9.2 %) and lower IC percentage (21.4 %) compared to S. psammophila (3.8 % and 29.5 %, respectively) (p < 0.05), but their TF percentages were not significantly different (69.4 % vs. 66.7 %). At the intra-event scale, TF and SF of S. psammophila was initiated (0.1 vs. 0.3 h and 0.7 vs. 0.8 h) and peaked (1.8 vs. 2.0 h and 2.1 vs. 2.2 h) more quickly, and TF of S. psammophila lasted longer (5.2 vs. 4.8 h), delivered more intensely (4.3 vs. 3.8 mm∙h−1), whereas SF of C. korshinskii lasted longer (4.6 vs. 4.1 h), delivered more intensely (753.8 vs. 471.2 mm∙h−1). For both shrubs, rainfall amount was the most significant factor influencing inter-event rainfall partitioning, and rainfall intensity and duration controlled the intra-event TF and SF variables. The C. korshinskii with larger branch angle, more small branches and smaller canopy area, has an advantage to produce stemflow more efficiently over S. psammophila. The S. psammophila has lower canopy water storage capacity to generate and peak throughfall and stemflow earlier, and it has larger aboveground biomass and total canopy water storage of individual plant to produce higher interception loss compared to C. korshinskii. These findings contribute to the fine characterization of shrub-dominated eco-hydrological processes, and improve the accuracy of water balance estimation in dryland ecosystem.

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“…The branches of both shrubs are smooth, with a more developed cuticle layer on the surface of the S. psammophila branches, while the C. korshinskii branches contain oil and have waxy skin (Chao and Gong, 1999;Liu et al, 2010). The leaf morphology and epidermal characteristics of branches of C. korshinskii were more beneficial for SF generation than that of S. psammophila (Whitworth-Hulse et al, 2020b;Yuan et al 2017). It was found that big biomass of leaves, concave leaf shape and leaf pubescence are beneficial to promote the generation of SF (Yuan et al, 2016).…”

Section: Relationships Between Intra-event Rainfall Partitioning Vari...mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It has been reported that rainfall partitioning by shrubs is determined by biotic and abiotic factors, such as rainfall characteristics (Levia and Frost, 2003;Magliano et al, 2019b) and canopy-structure characteristics (Martinez-Meza and Whitford, 1996;Garcia-Estringana et al, 2010;Yue et al, 2021). Take the latter for example, vegetation with smooth barks, more branches, and vertical branching had advantages in SF generation (Honda et al, 2015;Magliano et al, 2019a;Whitworth-Hulse et al, 2020b), and a simple vegetation structure and low canopy density are generally corresponding to a relatively high TF rate and low IC rate (Soulsby et al, 2017;Yue et al, 2021). The complexity of shrub structure poses challenges to understanding the causes of rainfall partitioning dynamics under different meteorological conditions, and it is necessary to substantially explore the differences of rainfall partitioning dynamics and the main influencing factors among different shrub species (Levia et al, 2010;Sadeghi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter- and intra-event rainfall partitioning dynamics of two typical xerophytic shrubs in the Loess Plateau of China

Gao

Yuan

et al. 2022

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Rainfall is known as the main water replenishment in dryland ecosystems, and rainfall partitioning by vegetation reshapes the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of rainwater entry into the soil. The dynamics of rainfall partitioning have been extensively studied at the inter-event scale, yet very few studies have explored its finer intra-event dynamics and the relating driving factors for shrubs. Here, we conducted a concurrent in-depth investigation of all rainfall partitioning components at inter- and intra-event scales for two typical xerophytic shrubs (Caragana korshinskii and Salix psammophila) in the Liudaogou catchment of the Loess Plateau, China. The event throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), and interception loss (IC), and their temporal variations within the rainfall event, as well as the meteorological factors and vegetation characteristics, were systematically measured during the 2014–2015 rainy seasons. Our results showed that C. korshinskii had significantly higher SF percentage (9.2 %) and lower IC percentage (21.4 %) compared to S. psammophila (3.8 % and 29.5 %, respectively), but their TF percentages were not significantly different (69.4 % vs. 66.7 %). At the intra-event scale, TF and SF of S. psammophila were initiated (0.1 vs. 0.3 h and 0.7 vs. 0.8 h) and peaked (1.8 vs. 2.0 h and 2.1 vs. 2.2 h) more quickly, and TF of S. psammophila lasted longer (5.2 vs. 4.8 h) and delivered more intensely (4.3 vs. 3.8 mm h−1), whereas SF of C. korshinskii lasted longer (4.6 vs. 4.1 h) and delivered more intensely (753.8 vs. 471.2 mm h−1). For both shrubs, rainfall amount was the most significant factor influencing inter-event rainfall partitioning, and rainfall intensity and duration controlled the intra-event TF and SF variables. The C. korshinskii with larger branch angle, more small branches, and smaller canopy area, has an advantage over S. psammophila to produce SF more efficiently. The S. psammophila has lower canopy water storage capacity to generate and peak TF and SF earlier, and it has larger aboveground biomass and total canopy water storage of individual plants to produce higher IC compared to C. korshinskii. These findings contribute to the fine characterization of shrub-dominated ecohydrological processes, and improve the accuracy of water balance estimation in dryland ecosystems.

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Global patterns of rainfall partitioning by invasive woody plants

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water‐use efficiency

Woody plant encroachment enhanced global vegetation greening and ecosystem water‐use efficiency

Inter- and intra-event rainfall partitioning dynamics of two typical xerophytic shrubs in the Loess Plateau of China

Inter- and intra-event rainfall partitioning dynamics of two typical xerophytic shrubs in the Loess Plateau of China

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