Global Patterns of Species Richness in Coastal Cephalopods

Abstract

Rosa et al. Global Biogeography of Coastal Cephalopods are historical processes that may explain the contemporary Caribbean octopus richness and Mediterranean sepiolid endemism, respectively. Last, we discuss how the life cycles and strategies of cephalopods may allow them to adapt quickly to future climate change and extend the borealization of their distribution.

Systematics and Phylogenetic Relationships of New Zealand Benthic Octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopodoidea)

“…The presence in New Zealand of 16 species of benthic octopus from different genera and environments suggests a history of several radiations from tropical and cold-water ancestors. Most octopuses included in the present study inhabit the Indo-Pacific, a region that based on the high diversity of benthic octopuses is recognized as the potential origin of the family Octopodidae, and from where many species radiated worldwide (Rosa et al, 2019). Close biogeographic relationships of benthic octopuses from New Zealand, Australia and the Southern Ocean have been recently revealed (Rosa et al, 2019), confirming the taxonomic relationships proposed by O'Shea (1999).…”

“…Most octopuses included in the present study inhabit the Indo-Pacific, a region that based on the high diversity of benthic octopuses is recognized as the potential origin of the family Octopodidae, and from where many species radiated worldwide (Rosa et al, 2019). Close biogeographic relationships of benthic octopuses from New Zealand, Australia and the Southern Ocean have been recently revealed (Rosa et al, 2019), confirming the taxonomic relationships proposed by O'Shea (1999). The close phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand O. campbelli, O. huttoni and O. mernoo with O. pallidus from Australia and R. fontaniana from South America is probably related to dispersal events after the circumpolar current was established during the Cenozoic (Strugnell et al, 2008).…”

“…Our review based on museum collections and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the New Zealand octopod fauna is composed of 16 species distributed in eight genera. This is a low diversity compared to tropical regions, but higher than cold and temperate ecosystems (Rosa et al, 2019…”

Morphological and Molecular Assessments of Bobtail Squids (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) Reveal a Hidden History of Biodiversity

“…In the last decade, new species have been even discovered in the Mediterranean Sea (Bello, 2013;Bello and Salman, 2015), where bobtail squid diversity has been extensively studied for more than a century (Bello, 2015(Bello, , 2019. The closure of the Strait of Gibraltar is an historical process that may explain the contemporary Mediterranean sepiolid endemism and high species richness, especially in the western area (Mangold and Boletzky, 1988;Bello, 2003;Rosa et al, 2019). Sepiolid systematics and taxonomy rely mostly on the morphology of the light organs or photophores, the male copulatory organ or hectocotylus, and the female sperm storage organ or bursa copulatrix (Reid and Jereb, 2005;Bello, 2020).…”

Modeling the Oceanographic Impacts on the Spatial Distribution of Common Cephalopods During Autumn in the Yellow Sea

“…Cephalopods play crucial ecological roles in the ocean, are opportunistic predators feeding on numerous species like finfish and crustaceans, and are important prey of fin-fish, marine mammals, and seabirds (Piatkowski et al, 2001). Nowadays, the abundance of traditionally targeted fish species among higher trophic levels is in continual decline due to global climate change and overfishing, which inadvertently benefits the prevalence of cephalopods (Rosa et al, 2019). Cephalopods have great phenotypic plasticity and wide-ranging diets that can help them rapidly adapt to changing environments, leading to their abundance rising when their predators and competitors become overfished (Pierce et al, 1994;Ibáñez and Chong, 2008;Doubleday et al, 2016;Liscovitch-Brauer et al, 2017).…”