Global Phylogeny of Shigella sonnei Strains from Limited Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and Development of a Rapid and Cost-Effective SNP-Typing Scheme for Strain Identification by High-Resolution Melting Analysis

Abstract

The current Shigella sonnei pandemic involves geographically associated, multidrug-resistant clones. This study has demonstrated that S. sonnei phylogeny can be accurately defined with limited single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). By typing 6 informative SNPs using a high-resolution melting (HRM) assay, major S. sonnei lineages/sublineages can be identified as defined by whole-genome variation.

Identificación de bacterias cultivables patógenas al humano en semicompostas de residuos agrícolas

“…arizonae, Escherichia hermannii y G. hollisea) (Kumar et al, 2003;Hinestrosa et al, 2007;Ryan et al, 2010), por lo que su potencial patógeno sobre los individuos que tengan contacto o manipulen este material, es relativamente bajo con las medidas de higiene básicas. Sin embargo, los tratamientos T2-BA y T3-GE fueron menos eficientes en la eliminación de patógenos ya que se detectó la presencia de Shigella sonnei, caracterizado por un alto potencial patógeno y causa importante de shigelosis (Sangal et al, 2012), aun cuando en los análisis de los tratamientos en la semana 1 no fueron detectados con la metodología empleada.…”

“…Escherichia hermannii and G. hollisea) (Kumar et al, 2003;Hinestrosa et al, 2007;Ryan et al, 2010), so its pathogenic potential of individuals who have contact or handling this material is relatively of low basic hygiene measures. However, the treatments T2-BA and T3-GE were less efficient in killing pathogens because the presence of Shigella sonnei, characterized by a high pathogenic potential and significant cause of shigellosis was detected (Sangal et al, 2012), even though the analysis of the treatments at week 1 were not detected with the methodology used.…”

Transient Darwinian selection in Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A during 450 years of global spread of enteric fever

“…And all these changes are occurring concurrently with the appearance of novel lineages and sublineages. However, instead of progressive evolution of greater fitness or virulence or fixation of antibiotic resistance (6,(54)(55)(56), genetic changes within Paratyphi A mimic Brownian motion or a drunkard's walk. Almost all genetic changes seem to be either random, or are selected only transiently and are subsequently lost via purifying selection against less fit variants.…”

Revolutionizing Prokaryotic Systematics Through Next-Generation Sequencing

“…Next-generation sequencing can be used to identify the genetic basis of these differences. In S. sonnei, for example, resistance to quinolones and reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones has been linked to a nonsynonymous SNP in the gyrA gene (Holt et al, 2012;Sangal, Holt, et al, 2013). Whole genomic sequence analyses can also help resolve inconsistencies between phenotypic characterization and genomic diversity.…”

“…For example, Shigella sonnei, a human pathogen that descended from a common ancestor less than 500 years ago (Holt et al, 2012), had diversified in Europe before its global dissemination and adaptation in different geographical regions. A lack of frequent recombination led to the identification of six chromosomal SNPs that can precisely identify the lineage and major subgroups within the predominant global lineage of S. sonnei (Sangal, Holt, et al, 2013). Next-generation sequencing analyses, therefore, can help in identification of reliable diagnostic markers that can be used to develop rapid detection assays for specific bacterial pathogens.…”