Global phylogeography reveals the origin and the evolutionary history of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera, Erebidae)

Zahiri, Reza; Schmidt, B. Christian; Schintlmeister, Alexander; Yakovlev, Roman V.; Rindoš, Michal

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.021

Cited by 17 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In order to assess the degree of divergence between the mitogenomes of L. albescens and L. postalba , we first examined nucleotide variation between these two taxa and compared it with that observed among other Lymantria species and subspecies, namely L. umbrosa , L. monacha , L. xylina and L. mathura , plus exemplars of the recognized subspecies of L. dispar , including a recently described genotypic entity from the Caucasus region (Djoumad et al ., ; Zahiri et al ., ) (see Table ). To this end, we aligned the two assembled mitogenome fragments and produced a diagram where each nucleotide substitution relative to the L. albescens sequence is illustrated by a black vertical bar (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessment of the status of Lymantria albescens and Lymantria postalba (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) as distinct ‘Asian gypsy moth’ species, using both mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data

Djoumad

Nisole

Stewart

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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For regulatory purposes, the name ‘Asian gypsy moth’ refers to a group of closely related Asian Lymantria species and subspecies whose female moths display flight capability, a trait believed to confer enhanced invasiveness relative to the European gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar dispar, whose females are flightless. Lymantria albescens and Lymantria postalba are Asian gypsy moths occurring in the southern Ryukyu Islands and in the northern Ryukyu and adjacent Kyushu and Shikoku Islands of Japan, respectively. Although once considered subspecies of L. dispar, their status as distinct species, relative to the latter, is now well established. While postalba was subsequently considered a subspecies of L. albescens, largely on the basis of differences in forewing ground colour in males, both taxa were later given distinct species status by Pogue & Schaefer (2007) following their revision of the genus Lymantria. Here, we re‐examined the validity of this revised status through the sequencing of a large portion of the mitochondrial genome (c. 60%) and multiple nuclear marker genes [elongation factor 1‐alpha (Ef‐1α), wingless (Wgl), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS‐2), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5)] in representative specimens of both taxa and other Lymantria species, including L. monacha, L. xylina, L. mathura and members of the L. dispar + L. umbrosa clade. A comparison of the number of substitutions in these genomic regions among the taxa we considered showed lower or equivalent variation between L. albescens and L. postalba compared with subspecies of L. dispar, for mitochondrial and nuclear sequences, respectively. This finding was reflected in the maximum likelihood trees generated independently for mitochondrial and nuclear data, where L. albescens and L. postalba formed, in both analyses, a short‐branch sister clade basal to the L. dispar + L. umbrosa clade. We further sequenced three markers [cytochrome c oxydase 1 (COI), EF‐1α, Wgl] in multiple L. albescens–L. postalba specimens collected along a south‐to‐north transect across the Ryukyu Arc and observed no clear distinction among the sampled specimens as a function of taxonomic designation. We conclude that L. albescens and L. postalba form a single species, with postalba representing a darker‐winged morph along an apparent south‐to‐north wing colour cline. Accordingly, L. postalba is relegated to synonymy under L. albescens (syn.n.).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessment of the status of Lymantria albescens and Lymantria postalba (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) as distinct ‘Asian gypsy moth’ species, using both mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data

Djoumad

Nisole

Stewart

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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“…We compiled an occurrence database of WW, ALB, SOD, and DED from various sources, including, (1) records provided by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA); (2) Global Biodiversity Information Facility database, an online database for species occurrences; (3) Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) invasive species compendium; and (4) scientific articles and maps ( Figure 1) [32,[37][38][39]. We used Google Earth (Google Inc 2020, Mountain View, CA, USA) to obtain proxy coordinates for records lacking geographic coordinates.…”

Section: Occurrence Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Niche Shifts and Conservatism by Comparing the Native and Post-Invasion Niches of Major Forest Invasive Species

Srivastava

Liang

Keena

et al. 2020

Insects

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Invasive species experience biotic and abiotic conditions that may (or may not) resemble their native environment. We explored the methodology of determining climatic niches and compared the native and post-invasion niches of four invasive forest pests to determine if these species experienced shifts or changes in their new climatic niches. We used environmental principle components analysis (PCA-env) method to quantify climatic niche shifts, expansions, and temporal changes. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of variable selection in the delineation and comparison of niche space. We found that variable selection influenced the delineation and overlap of each niche, whereas the subset of climatic variables selected from the first two PCA-env axes explained more variance in environmental conditions than the complete set of climatic variables for all four species. Most focal species showed climatic niche shifts in their invasive range and had not yet fully occupied the available niche within the invaded range. Our species varied the proportion of niche overlap between the native and invasive ranges. By comparing native and invasive niches, we can help predict a species’ potential range expansion and invasion potential. Our results can guide monitoring and help inform management of these and other invasive species.

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“…This gradual reduction in genetic diversity along a cline could be explained by the "East Asian origin" of the gypsy moth proposed by many scholars, followed by the gradual spread through Central Asia to Europe and the artificial introduction of gypsy moths in North America in the early 19th century [27,28,30]. However, it has also been proposed that L. dispar originated in the early Pleistocene in the outer Caucasus, with a rapid early eastward spread (due to strong female flight ability), finally arriving in Japan, and later colonizing China via Russia and Mongolia [32]. We were unable to obtain reliable samples from Central Asia and therefore could not evaluate this hypothesis from the perspective of the nine microsatellite loci in this study.…”

Section: Genetic Variation In Gypsy Moth Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite and Morphological Analyses Reveal Unexpected Diversity in Lymantria dispar in China

Zuo

Kurenshchikov²,

et al. 2019

Forests

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The gyspy moth Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, a widely distributed leaf-eating pest, is considered geographically isolated in the world, with two Asian gypsy moth subspecies, Lymantria dispar asiatica and Lymantria dispar japonica. In China, only one subspecies, L. d. asiatica, has been observed. In this study, we characterized gypsy moth diversity and divergence using 427 samples covering a wide range of the species distribution, with a focus on sampling along a latitudinal gradient in China. We combine the quantitative analysis of male genitalia and the genetic diversity analysis of nine microsatellite loci of nuclear genes nuclear genes to study the structure of gypsy moth individuals in 23 locations in the world and the male genitalia of gypsy moths in some areas. In mixed ancestry model-based clustering analyses based on nuclear simple sequence repeats, gypsy moths were divided into three well-known subspecies, a unique North American cluster, and a southern Chinese cluster with differentiation between the Asian gypsy moth and European gypsy moth. We also found individuals identified as European gypsy moths in two distant regions in China. The results of a quantitative analysis of male genitalia characteristics were consistent with an analysis of genetic structure and revealed the differentiation of gypsy moths in southern China and of hybrids suspected to be associated with L. d. japonica in the Russian Far East. Admixture in gypsy moths can be explained by many factors such as human transport. In China, we detected European gypsy moths, and found unexpectedly high genetic diversity within populations across a wide range of latitudes.

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Global phylogeography reveals the origin and the evolutionary history of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera, Erebidae)

Cited by 17 publications

References 63 publications

Reassessment of the status of Lymantria albescens and Lymantria postalba (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) as distinct ‘Asian gypsy moth’ species, using both mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data

Reassessment of the status of Lymantria albescens and Lymantria postalba (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) as distinct ‘Asian gypsy moth’ species, using both mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data

Assessing Niche Shifts and Conservatism by Comparing the Native and Post-Invasion Niches of Major Forest Invasive Species

Microsatellite and Morphological Analyses Reveal Unexpected Diversity in Lymantria dispar in China

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