Global Profiling of Metabolite and Lipid Soluble Microbial Products in Anaerobic Wastewater Reactor Supernatant Using UPLC–MS^E

Abstract

Identification of soluble microbial products (SMPs) released during bacterial metabolism in mixed cultures in bioreactors is essential to understanding fundamental mechanisms of their biological production. SMPs constitute one of the main foulants (together with colloids and bacterial flocs) in membrane bioreactors widely used to treat and ultimately recycle wastewater. More importantly, the composition and origin of potentially toxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic SMPs in renewable/reused water supplies must be determined and controlled. Certain classes of SMPs have previously been studied by GC-MS, LC-MS, and MALDI-ToF MS; however, a more comprehensive LC-MS-based method for SMP identification is currently lacking. Here we develop a UPLC-MS approach to profile and identify metabolite SMPs in the supernatant of an anaerobic batch bioreactor. The small biomolecules were extracted into two fractions based on their polarity, and separate methods were then used for the polar and nonpolar metabolites in the aqueous and lipid fractions, respectively. SMPs that increased in the supernatant after feed addition were identified primarily as phospholipids, ceramides, with cardiolipins in the highest relative abundance, and these lipids have not been previously reported in wastewater effluent.

Ferroferric Oxide Significantly Affected Production of Soluble Microbial Products and Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Anaerobic Methanogenesis Reactors

“…The existence of quinone groups enabled these components to act as redox mediators potentially ( Newman and Kolter, 2000 ; Kang and Choi, 2008 ; Watanabe et al, 2009 ). Ubiquinone playing an important role in the respiratory electron transport chain, was also detected in anaerobic sludge samples by Tipthara et al (2017) . More potential electron shuttles were found in the control reactor at different steps, suggesting that Fe 3 O 4 not only affected the distribution of amino acids and dipeptides but also quinone substances.…”

“…Due to the rich diversity of metabolites in SMP and EPS, and high possibilities of some metabolites with same masses but various chemical structures, the existence of compounds matched by database could not be accurately confirmed in this study. Therefore, compounds with different optical activity (e.g., D-tyrosine, L-tyrosine, and DL-tyrosine) and isomeric compounds (e.g., ribose and xylose, arginyl-leucine, and leucyl-arginine) which could not be distinguished based on matched results were reported as a mixture ( Tipthara et al, 2017 ). Herein, only amino acids, dipeptides, monosaccharide, quinones, and their derivatives were discussed.…”

Lipid profile of Trichinella papuae muscle-stage larvae

“…Lipid profile analysis was conducted using ACQUITY UPLC with a 2777 C autosampler (Waters Corp, USA) coupled to a Xevo G2-XS QTof mass spectrometer (Waters, Manchester, UK) with an ESI source 67 . For each sample, triplicate injections were made for each ionization mode.…”

Antimelanoma activity of Heterocapsa triquetra pigments

“…As a consequence, a complex mix of metabolites can be analyzed in a single run, no precursor ion is selected for individual fragmentation and fragment ions can be related to their precursors using a mass fragmentation software and high-resolution mass databanks. This technique was already applied with success in various metabolomic and proteomic studies [31][32][33][34][35] including the identification of major carotenoids and chlorophylls in Dunaliella salina [30] and Porphyridium purpureum [30]. For the UPLC-MS E analysis of Ht pigments, parent and fragment ions with high resolution m/z were compared to our MS E pigment database, completed with the commercially available standard dinophytes pigments.…”