Global sea–air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects

Takahashi, Taro; Sutherland, Stewart C; Sweeney, Colm; Poisson, Alain; Metzl, Nicolas; Tilbrook, Bronte; Bates, Nicholas R.; Wanninkhof, Rik; Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Ólafsson, Jón; Nojiri, Yukihiro

doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(02)00003-6

Cited by 1,676 publications

(2,170 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…First, we ®nd consistency between the ocean¯uxes predicted in this study and those based on a global database 10 of CO 2 partial pressure (p CO 2 ), except in the Southern Ocean where the carbon uptake estimated here is roughly half that based on the p CO 2 database. This shift in uptake from south to north is required to match simultaneously large-scale concentration gradients (Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

“…We estimate¯uxes for 11 land and 11 ocean regions (see Supplementary Information) as differences from`background'¯uxes that are run separately through each transport model and represent fossil-fuel emissions 17,18 , seasonally varying air±sea gas exchange 10 and an annually balanced, seasonally varying¯ux due to terrestrial photosynthesis and respiration 19 . The use of seasonally varying background¯uxes allows the annual mean inversion to include contributions to annual mean concentrations due to the covariance of atmospheric transport and seasonal¯uxes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inversion requires prior¯ux and uncertainty estimates. Our choices have been guided by ocean and terrestrial¯ux models and observations 10,19 , and are shown in Fig. 1 (also see Table 2 in Supplementary Information).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models

Gurney

Law

Denning

et al. 2002

Nature

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supporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models

Gurney

Law

Denning

et al. 2002

Nature

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“…TCCON is a network of ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers that obtain direct solar absorption spectra in the near infrared (Washenfelder et al, 2006). CO 2 is retrieved from these spectra, and the data are used both as validation for satellites and as independent data sets that, although spatially sparse, are temporally dense.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of variations in total column carbon dioxide

2011

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Abstract.Observations of gradients in the total CO 2 column, CO 2 , are expected to provide improved constraints on surface fluxes of CO 2 . Here we use a general circulation model with a variety of prescribed carbon fluxes to investigate how variations in CO 2 arise. On diurnal scales, variations are small and are forced by both local fluxes and advection. On seasonal scales, gradients are set by the north-south flux distribution. On synoptic scales, variations arise due to large-scale eddy-driven disturbances of the meridional gradient. In this case, because variations in CO 2 are tied to synoptic activity, significant correlations exist between CO 2 and dynamical tracers. We illustrate how such correlations can be used to describe the north-south gradients of CO 2 and the underlying fluxes on continental scales. These simulations suggest a novel analysis framework for using column observations in carbon cycle science.

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“…It is a dynamic marine ecosystem and plays an important role in the regulation of the Earth's climate. The strong easterly flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) allows for oceanic exchange, thermohaline circulation and global heat exchange, as well as contributing to global CO 2 drawdown (Rintoul and Bullister, 1999), where it is estimated to absorb ∼20 Gt of atmospheric CO 2 annually (Takahashi et al, 2002;Sabine et al, 2004). Phytoplankton are the link that couples atmospheric and oceanic processes.…”

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

119

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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Global sea–air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects

Cited by 1,676 publications

References 36 publications

Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models

Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models

Sources of variations in total column carbon dioxide

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

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