Global significance of the carbon cycle in the karst dynamic system: evidence from geological and ecological processes

Cao, Jin; Wu, Xia; Huang, Fen; Hu, Bill X.; Groves, Chris; Yang, Hui; Zhang, Chunlai

doi:10.31035/cg2018004

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Compared with other terrestrial ecosystems, the C cycle in karst areas is more special and complex because of the reversible chemical processes of dissolution, transfer, and deposition of carbonate rocks [ 95 ]. Although we considered the particularity of karst area in the biomass C estimation by using the rocky desertification type as a stand classifier in the stand volume growth modelling, the specificity and complexity of the C cycle in the karst soil pool were still absent, which should be addressed in future studies.…”

Section: Discussion and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal dynamics of forest ecosystem carbon budget in Guizhou: customisation and application of the CBM-CFS3 model for China

Tang

Shao

Shi

et al. 2022

Carbon Balance Manage

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Background Countries seeking to mitigate climate change through forests require suitable modelling approaches to predict carbon (C) budget dynamics in forests and their responses to disturbance and management. The Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) is a feasible and comprehensive tool for simulating forest C stock dynamics across broad levels, but discrepancies remain to be addressed in China. Taking Guizhou as the case study, we customised the CBM-CFS3 model according to China’s context, including the modification of aboveground biomass C stock algorithm, addition of C budget accounting for bamboo forests, economic forests, and shrub forests, improvement of non-forest land belowground slow dead organic matter (DOM) pool initialisation, and other model settings. Results The adequate linear relationship between the estimated and measured C densities (R2 = 0.967, P < 0.0001, slope = 0.904) in the model validation demonstrated the high accuracy and reliability of our customised model. We further simulated the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest C stocks and disturbance impacts in Guizhou for the period 1990–2016 using our customised model. Results shows that the total ecosystem C stock and C density, and C stocks in biomass, litter, dead wood, and soil in Guizhou increased continuously and significantly, while the soil C density decreased over the whole period, which could be attributed to deforestation history and climate change. The total ecosystem C stock increased from 1220 Tg C in 1990 to 1684 Tg C in 2016 at a rate of 18 Tg C yr−1, with significant enhancement in most areas, especially in the south and northwest. The total decrease in ecosystem C stock and C expenditure caused by disturbances reached 97.6 Tg C and 120.9 Tg C, respectively, but both represented significant decreasing trends owing to the decline of disturbed forest area during 1990–2016. Regeneration logging, deforestation for agriculture, and harvest logging caused the largest C stock decrease and C expenditure, while afforestation and natural expansion of forest contributed the largest increases in C stock. Conclusions The forests in Guizhou were a net carbon sink under large-scale afforestation throughout the study period; Our customised CBM-CFS3 model can serve as a more effective and accurate method for estimating forest C stock and disturbance impacts in China and further enlightens model customisation to other areas.

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Section: Discussion and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal dynamics of forest ecosystem carbon budget in Guizhou: customisation and application of the CBM-CFS3 model for China

Tang

Shao

Shi

et al. 2022

Carbon Balance Manage

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“…The role of karstic dissolution of carbonate rocks by carbonic acid has led to much discussion and debate about the relative importance of the process on the global carbon budget; Liu et al [1] and Martin [2] provide an excellent overview of this discussion. It is well established that the dissolution of carbonate rocks by carbonic acid removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, at least on the short-term scale (e.g., [2,3,[52][53][54][55]), the lingering question is what the ultimate fate of the bicarbonate ion may be and how long the carbon remains sequestered (e.g., [2,56,57]). Numerous studies have documented that the dissolution of carbonates does sequester carbon on relatively long-time scales (e.g., [58][59][60][61][62]).…”

Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution of Carbonate Rocks in a Laboratory Setting: Rates and Textures

Larson

Emmons

2021

Minerals

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Determining the dissolution rates of carbonate rocks is vital to advancing our understanding of cave, karst, and landscape processes. Furthermore, the role of carbonate dissolution is important for the global carbon budget and climate change. A laboratory experiment was setup to calculate the dissolution rates of two whole rock carbonate samples with different petrographic makeup (ooids and brachiopods). The carbonate rock samples were also explored under a scanning electron microscope to evaluate the textures that developed after dissolution The oolitic limestone dissolved at a rate of 1579 cm yr−1, and the pentamerous limestone (dolostone) dissolved at a rate of 799 cm yr−1. Both rocks did not dissolve evenly across their surface as indicated by scanning electron microscopy, it appears the allochems dissolved preferentially to the matrix/cement of the rocks and that some mechanical weathering happened as well. This work reports that the petrography and mineralogy of carbonate rocks is important to consider when exploring the cave, karst, and landscape evolution and that attention should be paid to the petrography of carbonate rocks when considering the global carbon budget.

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“…In addition, climate change reduces the positive role of human activities in restoring vegetation productivity (Wu et al., 2020). Moreover, many studies have shown that rocks, especially carbonate and silicate rocks, can further reduce the intensity of the greenhouse effect through chemical weathering, which can deplete atmospheric and soil CO 2 (Cao et al., 2018; Gaillardet et al., 1999; Romero‐Mujalli et al., 2018; Strefler et al., 2018; Zeng et al., 2017). From their chemical equations (Equations 1 and 2), it can be seen that the two types of rocks have a certain carbon sink capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Data Sets for Global Carbonate and Silicate Rock Weathering Carbon Sinks and Their Change Trends

et al. 2022

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The Carbonate rock weathering Carbon Sink (CCS) and Silicate rock weathering Carbon Sink (SCS) play a significant role in the carbon cycle and global climate change. However, the spatial‐temporal patterns and trends of the CCS and SCS from 1950 to 2099 have not been systematically quantified. Thus, Supported by long‐term hydrometeorological data under the RCP8.5, we use the accepted Suchet and Hartmann models to determine the following. First, we found except for the difference in their weathering rates, the SCS covers 37.2 million km2 more area than the CCS. The CCS Flux (CCSF) and SCS Flux (SCSF) are 5.36 and 1.22 t/km2/yr, respectively. Similarly, the Full CCS (FCCS, 0.3 Pg/yr) is more than the Full SCS (FSCS, 0.08 Pg/yr). Furthermore, the CCS (7.01 kg/km2) and SCS (3.95 kg/km2) are in a state of overall increase. In addition, the mid‐to‐high latitudes of the northern hemisphere are aggravated by warming (0.03°C) and humidity (0.65 mm), while the decrease in runoff in the mid‐latitudes of the southern hemisphere reduces karstification. Specifically, by 2099, the CCSF in the mid‐latitudes of the southern hemisphere will decrease by 5.72%. Instead, the CCSF in the northern hemisphere and lower latitudes of the southern hemisphere will exhibit a gentle upward slope. Particularly, the peak regions of the global FCCS (65.63 Tg/yr) and FSCS (33.01 Tg/yr) are the tropical zone. In conclusion, this study contributes a high‐resolution and long‐time series CS datasets for the CCS and SCS. We provide data and a theory for solving terrestrial carbon sink loss.

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Global significance of the carbon cycle in the karst dynamic system: evidence from geological and ecological processes

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Spatiotemporal dynamics of forest ecosystem carbon budget in Guizhou: customisation and application of the CBM-CFS3 model for China

Spatiotemporal dynamics of forest ecosystem carbon budget in Guizhou: customisation and application of the CBM-CFS3 model for China

Dissolution of Carbonate Rocks in a Laboratory Setting: Rates and Textures

High‐Resolution Data Sets for Global Carbonate and Silicate Rock Weathering Carbon Sinks and Their Change Trends

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