Global Sodium Consumption and Death from Cardiovascular Causes

Act, Abstr; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Fahimi, Saman; Singh, Gitanjali; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Engell, Rebecca E.; Lim, Stephen S; Danaei, Goodarz; Ezzati, Majid; Powles, John

doi:10.1056/nejmoa1304127

Cited by 1,024 publications

(817 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Excess sodium intake can increase blood pressure and risk for cardiovascular disease (2,3). To determine the availability and promotion of lower-sodium options in the nutrition environment, the Guam Department of Public Health and Social Services (DPHSS) conducted an assessment in September 2015 using previously validated tools adapted to include sodium measures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium in Store and Restaurant Food Environments — Guam, 2015

Jackson¹,

VanFrank²,

Lundeen³

et al. 2016

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium in Store and Restaurant Food Environments — Guam, 2015

Jackson¹,

VanFrank²,

Lundeen³

et al. 2016

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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“…The mean global salt intake in 2010 was estimated to be around 10 g per person a day, corresponding to 4 g/day of sodium, which is twice the reference level recommended by the World Health Organization 73. The salt consumption varies considerably among countries, ranging from 1.5 g of sodium per day in East African countries to 3.9 g of sodium per day in high‐income countries 73.…”

Section: Salt and Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The salt consumption varies considerably among countries, ranging from 1.5 g of sodium per day in East African countries to 3.9 g of sodium per day in high‐income countries 73. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that a high intake of sodium chloride can be an important factor potentially influencing autoimmunity in both humans and rodents 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82.…”

Section: Salt and Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Western lifestyle and immunopathology of multiple sclerosis

Matveeva

Bogie

Hendriks

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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There is increasing evidence for a sudden and unprecedented rise in the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Westernized countries over the past decades, emphasizing the role of environmental factors. Among many candidates, rapid changes in dietary habits seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. Here, we summarize and discuss the available evidence for the role of dietary nutrients, such as table salt, fatty acids, and flavonoids, in the development and pathogenesis of MS. We also discuss new and emerging risk factors accompanying Western lifestyle, such as shift work, sleep, and circadian disruption.

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“…Entre los factores de riesgo modificables están el consumo de tabaco, actividad física insuficiente, uso nocivo de alcohol e ingesta excesiva de sal/sodio. Entre los factores cardio-metabólicos se tiene la hipertensión, hiperglucemia, dislipidemia, sobrepeso y obesidad (5,6) . Por eso, es necesario comprender que gran parte de los problemas de salud del adulto se originan en edades tempranas, incluso desde la vida intrauterina, haciendo posibles la prevención, detección y tratamiento precoces.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Actividad física, condición física y factores de riesgo cardio-metabólicos en adultos jóvenes de 18-29 años

Suazo-Fernández

Fernández-Dávila

2017

An Fac med

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Actividad física, condición física y factores de riesgo cardio-metabólicos en adultos jóvenes de 18 a 29 añosResumen Introducción. La actividad física y condición física son determinantes de los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos, pudiendo influenciar en la incidencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivos. Analizar la asociación entre nivel de actividad física, condición física y factores de riesgo cardio-metabólicos en adultos jóvenes. Diseño. Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Lugar. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes. Estudiantes de pregrado de las escuelas académico profesionales. Intervenciones. La muestra fue no probabilística, seleccionada por conveniencia, estuvo conformada por 149 hombres y mujeres que consintieron voluntariamente su participación. Se excluyó aquellos con patología cardiaca, metabólica o discapacidad física que impidiera realizar las evaluaciones. Principales medidas de resultados. Nivel de actividad física (NAF), condición física, factores de riesgo cardio-metabólicos. Resultados. El 48,9% de participantes presentó NAF alta; 53,7% tenía uno o dos factores de riesgo alterados: HDL-colesterol bajo (43%), hipertensión (8,7%), hiperglicemia (4%), hipertrigliceridemia (2,7%). El 40,9% de mujeres y 35,6% de varones lograron resultados óptimos en la evaluación de resistencia cardio-respiratoria. El 49% de varones y 34,9% de mujeres alcanzaron resultados óptimos en la evaluación de fuerza abdominal. El 94,6% y 53,7% de participantes tuvieron resultados regulares o deficientes en las evaluaciones de fuerza de miembros inferiores y superiores, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El nivel de actividad física alto estuvo asociado al sexo masculino, presión arterial alta, hipertrigliceridemia, sobrepeso/obesidad, y resultados óptimos de resistencia cardio-respiratoria y fuerza abdominal, en los sujetos estudiados. Palabras clave: Actividad Física; Condición Física; Factores de Riesgo Cardio-metabólico; Resistencia Cardio-respiratoria; Fuerza muscular. Abstract Introduction: Physical activity and physical condition are determinants of cardio-metabolic risk factors, and may influence the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objectives: To analyze the association between physical activity level, physical condition and cardio-metabolic risk factors in young adults. Design: Observational, analytical and transversal study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Graduate students from professional academic schools. Interventions: The sample was non-probabilistic, selected by convenience, it was formed by 149 men and women who voluntarily consented to participate. Those with cardiac, metabolic or physical disability which prevented the evaluation were excluded. Main outcome measures: Physical activity level (PAL), physical condition, cardio-metabolic risk factors. Results: 48.2% of the participants had high PAL. 53.7% had one or two altered cardio-metabolic r...

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Global Sodium Consumption and Death from Cardiovascular Causes

Abstract: In this modeling study, 1.65 million deaths from cardiovascular causes that occurred in 2010 were attributed to sodium consumption above a reference level of 2.0 g per day. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).

Cited by 1,024 publications

References 35 publications

Sodium in Store and Restaurant Food Environments — Guam, 2015

Sodium in Store and Restaurant Food Environments — Guam, 2015

Western lifestyle and immunopathology of multiple sclerosis

Actividad física, condición física y factores de riesgo cardio-metabólicos en adultos jóvenes de 18-29 años

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