Global Spread and Persistence of Dengue

Abstract

Dengue is a spectrum of disease caused by four serotypes of the most prevalent arthropod-borne virus affecting humans today, and its incidence has increased dramatically in the past 50 years. Due in part to population growth and uncontrolled urbanization in tropical and subtropical countries, breeding sites for the mosquitoes that transmit dengue virus have proliferated, and successful vector control has proven problematic. Dengue viruses have evolved rapidly as they have spread worldwide, and genotypes associated with increased virulence have expanded from South and Southeast Asia into the Pacific and the Americas. This review explores the human, mosquito, and viral factors that contribute to the global spread and persistence of dengue, as well as the interaction between the three spheres, in the context of ecological and climate changes. What is known, as well as gaps in knowledge, is emphasized in light of future prospects for control and prevention of this pandemic disease.

The Effects of Interspecific Courtship on the Mating Success ofAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae) Males

“…aegypti and Ae. albopictus, owing largely to their status as important vectors of both dengue and chikungunya viruses (Vazeille et al 2007, Kyle and Harris 2008, Pages et al 2009, Paupy et al 2010, comparatively little is known about their mate recognition systems, particularly with regard to male behavior (reviewed in Oliva et al 2014). Most studies cover female aspects of reproduction and date from the 1970s.…”

The pathogenesis of dengue

“…[34][35][36][37][38] Third, or even fourth infections also probably occur in endemic settings, but hospital data and the age-related burden of dengue (children) suggests the vast majority of these tertiary or quaternary infections are clinically silent or very mild. 39 The leading explanation for increased risk of disease in secondary infection is that non-neutralising, crossreactive antibodies elicited by a primary infection bind the virus which then have greater potential to infect Fc-receptor bearing cells.…”

Lineage II of Southeast Asian/American DENV-2 is Associated with a Severe Dengue Outbreak in the Peruvian Amazon

“…Most DENV infections are asymptomatic or present as a debilitating but self-limiting undifferentiated febrile illness; however, a small percentage of cases progress to the more severe forms of the disease: dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). 3 Worldwide, the burden of dengue disease is substantial, ranging from 150 to 1,300 disabilityadjusted life years per million depending on the spatiotemporal attributes of epidemics. [4][5][6][7][8][9] In many resource-poor countries, the costs associated with a DENV infection significantly exceed the average monthly income of the patient.…”