Global Surveillance oftrans-Fatty Acids

Abstract

Trans-fatty acid (TFA) intake can increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality and all-cause mortality. Industrially produced TFAs and ruminant TFAs are the major sources in foods. TFA intake and TFA-attributed CHD mortality vary widely worldwide. Excessive TFA intake is a health threat in high-income countries; however, it is also a threat in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data on TFA intake are scarce in many LMICs and an urgent need exists to monitor TFAs globally. We reviewed global TFA intake and TFA-attributed CHD mortality and current progress toward policy or regulation on elimination of industrially produced TFAs in foods worldwide. Human biological tissues can be used as biomarkers of TFAs because they reflect actual intake from various foods. Measuring blood TFA levels is a direct and reliable method to quantify TFA intake.

Diet Significantly Influences the Immunopathology and Severity of Kidney Injury in Male C57Bl/6J Mice in a Model Dependent Manner

“…The ADsynthetic diet was formulated to include excess sucrose, fructose, saturated fats, cholesterol, omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans -fatty acids, sodium, and phosphorus while having reduced potassium and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Trans-fatty acids were included in the formulation as they are still consumed from natural sources (such as beef), but the inclusion in the ADsynthetic pellet was far lower than that used in other previous studies [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The inclusion for each nutrient was based on matching the percent difference of actual and recommended intake in mice and humans (depicted in Appendix A Table A1 ) based on recent reports by the United Stated Department of Agriculture [ 5 , 12 ].…”

Assessment of Trans Fatty Acid Levels in Refined Palm-Based Oils and Commercial Vegetable Oils in the Malaysian Market

“…With the implementation of these government legislations and mandated regulations, worldwide TFA consumption has seen a tremendous decline in the past two decades with an average global trans fat intake lower than the 2003 WHO recommendation of a daily TFA intake limit of 1% total energy (Craig-Schimdt and Rong, 2009;Wanders et al, 2017;Li, 2019). The WHO in 2018 launched the REPLACE action package which serves to support governments to eliminate industrially produced TFA from the global food supply by 2023 and replacement of TFA with healthier oils and fats through six strategic actions, namely Review, Promote, Legislate, Assess, Create and Enforce (Ghebreyesus and Frieden, 2018).…”

Ordinaries

“…The US and Canada have banned iTFAs completely. These restrictions have dramatically decreased the consumption of iTFAs with a significant positive impact on health (Li, 2019).…”