Global warming impact on floral phenology of fruit trees species in Mediterranean region

Yaacoubi, Adnane El; Malagi, Gustavo; Oukabli, Ahmed; Hafidi, Majida; Legave, Jean-Michel

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.10.041

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…; El Yaacoubi et al . ). An inflorescence typically consists of 10–32 male or hermaphrodite flowers, and on average, 0.1–0.7 (depending on genotype) fruits per inflorescence survive till ripening (Lavee ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In spring, many lateral buds are 'released', resulting in outgrowth of an inflorescence or a vegetative shoot. An olive inflorescence reaches anthesis in the northern hemisphere between April and June, depending on genotype and spring temperatures (Osborne et al 2000;El Yaacoubi et al 2014). An inflorescence typically consists of 10-32 male or hermaphrodite flowers, and on average, 0.1-0.7 (depending on genotype) fruits per inflorescence survive till ripening (Lavee 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A possible role for flowering locus T‐encoding genes in interpreting environmental and internal cues affecting olive (Olea europaea L.) flower induction

Haberman

Bakhshian

Cerezo-Medina

et al. 2017

Plant Cell & Environment

108

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Olive (Olea europaea L.) inflorescences, formed in lateral buds, flower in spring. However, there is some debate regarding time of flower induction and inflorescence initiation. Olive juvenility and seasonality of flowering were altered by overexpressing genes encoding flowering locus T (FT). OeFT1 and OeFT2 caused early flowering under short days when expressed in Arabidopsis. Expression of OeFT1/2 in olive leaves and OeFT2 in buds increased in winter, while initiation of inflorescences occurred i n late winter. Trees exposed to an artificial warm winter expressed low levels of OeFT1/2 in leaves and did not flower. Olive flower induction thus seems to be mediated by an increase in FT levels in response to cold winters. Olive flowering is dependent on additional internal factors. It was severely reduced in trees that carried a heavy fruit load the previous season (harvested in November) and in trees without fruit to which cold temperatures were artificially applied in summer. Expression analysis suggested that these internal factors work either by reducing the increase in OeFT1/2 expression or through putative flowering repressors such as TFL1. With expected warmer winters, future consumption of olive oil, as part of a healthy Mediterranean diet, should benefit from better understanding these factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A possible role for flowering locus T‐encoding genes in interpreting environmental and internal cues affecting olive (Olea europaea L.) flower induction

Haberman

Bakhshian

Cerezo-Medina

et al. 2017

Plant Cell & Environment

108

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“…() and El Yaacoubi et al . () suggest that the olive does not have consistent chilling requirements and so flowering is highly dependent on heat accumulation. In terms of heat accumulation, the most widely used method considers the Growing Degree Days or thermal time until flowering (TT), in which heat units are accumulated when the mean daily temperature exceeds a threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second approach, the chilling units are accumulated when the temperature is below a determined threshold (Weinberger, 1950;Aron, 1983). Other authors such as Fornaciari et al (1998) andEl Yaacoubi et al (2014) suggest that the olive does not have consistent chilling requirements and so flowering is highly dependent on heat accumulation. In terms of heat accumulation, the most widely used method considers the Growing Degree Days or thermal time until flowering (TT), in which heat units are accumulated when the mean daily temperature exceeds a threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of changes in mean and extreme temperatures caused by climate change on olive flowering in southern Spain

Gabaldón-Leal

Ruiz‐Ramos

Rosa

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Due to the severe increase projected in future temperatures and the great economic and social importance of olive growing for vast agricultural areas in the Mediterranean Basin, accurate climate change impact assessment on olive orchards is required. The aim of this study is to assess the flowering date and the impact of mean and extreme temperature events on olive flowering in southern Spain under baseline and future climate conditions. To that end, experimental data were obtained from ten olive genotypes: six well‐known olive cultivars in the region, one cultivar, ‘Chiquitita’, obtained via conventional breeding, and three wild olives from the Canary Islands. A site‐specific model calibration was conducted resulting in satisfactory performance with an average error of 2 days for flowering date estimation under baseline and future climate conditions, and a RMSE equal to 5.5 days in the validation process. The outputs from 12 regional climate models from the ENSEMBLES European project with a bias correction in temperature and precipitation were used. Results showed an advance in the olive flowering dates of about 17 days at the end of the 21st century compared with the baseline period (1981–2010), and an increase in the frequency of extreme events around the flowering period. A spatial analysis of results identified the areas in southern Spain that are most vulnerable to climate change impact caused by the lack of chilling hours accumulation (areas located on the Atlantic coast and the south‐eastern coast) and by the occurrence of high temperatures during the flowering period (areas located in the north and north‐eastern areas of the Andalusian region).

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“…Frequently, these records cover a longer time span than any defined experiment, making them one of the most valuable pieces of evidence of the impacts of global warming over past decades or even centuries (Fitchett et al, 2015;Menzel et al, 2008). Flowering time of fruit crops is one of the most widely used indicators of climate change, because of the availability of such records, but also because of the strong temperature dependence of the fruit crop life cycle (El Yaacoubi et al, 2014;Martínez-Lüscher et al, 2016). Although the vast majority of case studies have reported significant advances in flowering times over the years (Chmielewski et al, 2011;Chmielewski and Rotzer, 2001;Fitter and Fitter, 2002;Fu et al, 2015;Legave and Clauzel, 2006;Menzel et al, 2006;Parmesan, 2007;Parmesan and Yohe, 2003;Root et al, 2003;Wolfe et al, 2005), the literature includes a considerable number of records describing observations of flowering times that have remained unchanged or even experienced delays Elloumi et al, 2013;Fitter and Fitter, 2002;Kozlov and Berlina, 2002;Legave et al, 2013;Menzel et al, 2006;Yu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed chilling appears to counteract flowering advances of apricot in southern UK

Martínez‐Lüscher

Hadley

Ordidge

et al. 2017

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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Temperatures are rising across the globe, and the UK is no exception. Spring phenology of perennial fruit crops is to a large extent determined by temperature during effective chilling (endo-dormancy) and heat accumulation (eco-dormancy) periods. We used the apricot flowering records of the UK National Fruit Collections (NFC) to determine the influence of temperature trends over recent decades (1960 to 2014) on apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) flowering time. Using Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, we determined the respective periods for calculating chill and heat accumulation. Results suggested intervals between September 27 th and February 26 th and between December 31 st and April 12 th as the effective chilling and warming periods, respectively. Flowering time was correlated with temperature during both periods, with warming during chilling corresponding to flowering delays by 4.82 d°C-1 , while warming during heat accumulation was associated with bloom advances by 9.85 d°C-1. Heat accumulation started after accumulating 62.7 ± 5.6 Chill Portions, and flowering occurred after a further 3744 ± 1538 Growing Degree Hours (above a base temperature of 4°C, with optimal growth at 26°C). When examining the time series, the increase in temperature during the chilling period did not appear to decrease overall chill accumulation during the chilling period but to delay the onset of chill accumulation and the completion of the average chill accumulation necessary to start heat accumulation. The resulting delay in heat responsiveness appeared to weaken the phenology-advancing effect of spring warming. These processes may explain why apricot flowering time remained relatively unchanged despite significant temperature increases. A consequence of this may be a reduction of frost risk for early flowering crops such as apricot in the UK.

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Global warming impact on floral phenology of fruit trees species in Mediterranean region

Cited by 56 publications

References 50 publications

A possible role for flowering locus T‐encoding genes in interpreting environmental and internal cues affecting olive (Olea europaea L.) flower induction

A possible role for flowering locus T‐encoding genes in interpreting environmental and internal cues affecting olive (Olea europaea L.) flower induction

Impact of changes in mean and extreme temperatures caused by climate change on olive flowering in southern Spain

Delayed chilling appears to counteract flowering advances of apricot in southern UK

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