Globalization, Social Exclusion, and Work: With Special Reference to Informal Employment and Gender

Carr, Marilyn; Chen, Martha

doi:10.2139/ssrn.908166

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Employment in the informal sector dominates the livelihood landscape in the developing countries. Even though the official numbers are typically conservative estimates, they remain staggeringly high-48 percent in northern Africa; 51 percent in Latin America; 65 percent in Asia and 72 percent in sub-Saharan Africa [44]. In the transport domain as well, informal sector dominates both in terms of absolute numbers of vehicles on roads and in the number of people, mostly men, employed in this sector.…”

Section: Access To Employment Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Linkages between Gender and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Uteng

Turner²

2019

Sustainability

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The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) specifies gender equality and sustainable development as their two central priorities. An area of critical importance for sustainable and gender-fair development is mobility and transport, which has so far been neglected and downplayed in research and policy making both at the national and global levels. Rooted in the history of the topic and the emerging ideas on smart, green and integrated transport, this paper presents a literature review of on gender and transport in the low- and middle-income countries. The paper presents a host of cross-cutting topics with a concentrated focus on spatial and transport planning. The paper further identifies existing research gaps and comments on the new conceptualizations on smart cities and smart mobilities in the Global South. Due attention is paid to intersections and synergies that can be created between different development sectors, emerging transport modes, data and modeling exercises, gender equality and sustainability.

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Section: Access To Employment Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Linkages between Gender and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Uteng

Turner²

2019

Sustainability

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“…To evaluate these perspectives, therefore, this paper evaluates their validity by examining street entrepreneurs in the emerging market economy of India. Until now, it has indeed been assumed that such endeavour is indeed necessity-driven (Bhatt 2006;Chen et al 1999Chen et al , 2004Carr and Chen 2004;Chant 2007;Charmes 1998;Fawzi 2003;ILO 2006). This, however, is an a priori assumption rather than an evidence-based finding.…”

Section: Evaluating the Validity Of The Rival Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating competing theories of street entrepreneurship: some lessons from a study of street vendors in Bangalore, India

Williams

Gurtoo

2012

Int Entrep Manag J

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Conventionally, street entrepreneurs were either seen as a residue from a premodern era that is gradually disappearing (modernisation theory), or an endeavour into which marginalised populations are driven out of necessity in the absence of alternative ways of securing a livelihood (structuralist theory). In recent years, however, participation in street entrepreneurship has been re-read either as a rational economic choice (neoliberal theory) or as conducted for cultural reasons (post-modern theory). The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically these competing explanations for participation in street entrepreneurship. To do this, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 871 street entrepreneurs in the Indian city of Bangalore during 2010 concerning their reasons for participation in street entrepreneurship. The finding is that no one explanation suffices. Some 12 % explain their participation in street entrepreneurship as necessity-driven, 15 % as traditional ancestral activity, 56 % as a rational economic choice and 17 % as pursued for social or lifestyle reasons. The outcome is a call to combine these previously rival explanations in order to develop a richer and more nuanced theorisation of the multifarious motives for street entrepreneurship in emerging market economies.

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“…Women workers tend to be engaged in insecure and low-paid work, often in temporary and seasonal employment arrangements (Barrientos and Kritzinger 2004;Mezzadri 2014). As clusters upgrade to the activities requiring a more highly skilled workforce, women and unskilled workers are often left out from social upgrading and become increasingly marginalized (Carr and Chen 2004). Indeed, the CSR measures of global buyers are often only effective within a small pocket of 'regulatory enclaves' in their own supply chains (Posthuma 2010), and smaller firms and marginal workers remain highly vulnerable (Suresh 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and Social Upgrading in Global Value Chains and Industrial Clusters: Why Governance Matters

2014

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Globalization, Social Exclusion, and Work: With Special Reference to Informal Employment and Gender

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Addressing the Linkages between Gender and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Addressing the Linkages between Gender and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Evaluating competing theories of street entrepreneurship: some lessons from a study of street vendors in Bangalore, India

Economic and Social Upgrading in Global Value Chains and Industrial Clusters: Why Governance Matters

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