Globalization, Spatial Integration, and Sustainable Development in Northern Pakistan

The role of Aga Khan Rural Support Programme in rural development in the Karakorum, Hindu Kush & Himalayan region: Examples from the northern mountainous belt of Pakistan

“…Later on, access to subsidised foodstuff in the market further improved food availability. The possibilities of earning cash income within the region are now available to some sections of population and majority of the inhabitants have joined the labour market of the plain areas as seasonal wage earners (Saunders 1983, Grötzbach 1984, Haserodt 1989, Kreutzmann 1989& 1993& 1995b& 1995c, Herbers 1997, Holdschlag 2000, Stöber 2000. Moreover, during the 1980s a new trend in labour migration was observed in the whole region, and the number of international migrants has been continuously increasing with the passage of time (Haserodt 1989, Kreutzmann 1993& 1995c, Azhar-Hewitt 1999, Fazlur-Rahman 2007.…”

“…Due to the physical and climatic factors, except for a few locations, the entire region is sparsely populated. Most of the people live in villages, and are predominantly dependent on the available natural resources for their sustenance although off-farm job opportunities and subsidised lowland produced foodstuff have also spread throughout the region (Grötzbach 1984, Kreutzmann 1995b). However, agriculture and animal husbandry are the main livelihood strategies, and the latter has been thoroughly integrated into the subsistence system according to the prevailing environmental conditions (Ehlers & Kreutzmann 2000).…”

Reconciling Sustainable Development of Mountain Communities With Large Carnivore Conservation

“…More particularly, there has been a growing awareness that some of the earliest impacts of what is popularly referred to as 'Global Warming' will become apparent in mountain regions (Price and Barry, 1997;Beniston, 2000). One obvious assumption is that mountain winter sports regions, such as the Alps, could suffer severe socioeconomic repercussions (Kreutzmann, 1993(Kreutzmann, , 1995(Kreutzmann, , 1998Stellrecht, 1998). This is a crucial body of literature that admirably links the human and physical sciences.…”

Economic Globalisation and its Repercussions for Fragile Mountains and Communities in the Himalayas

“…Mountain specificities vary between different mountain regions and are linked in several ways. Furthermore, they jointly (or individually) shape the pace and pattern of change in mountain areas and also determine the relevance and effectiveness of any interventions, including those associated with globalisation (Kreutzmann 1995).…”

“…These changes, when viewed in the context of (i) driving forces and operational mechanisms of globalisation; (ii) prevailing resource use systems; and (iii) external links (markets, technologies) suggest a range of risks and potential opportunities for mountain areas. A brief summary of exemplary issues in the HKH provide the context for understanding the impacts of globalisation on mountain environments and communities (Kreutzmann 1995;Jodha 2000b). a. Land-use change.…”