Glomerulonephritis in dogs with canine leishmaniasis

Benderitter, T.; Casanova, Paul; Nashkidachvili, L.; Quilici, M

doi:10.1080/00034983.1988.11812255

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…An investigation of 34 dogs with naturally acquired Leishmania infantum infection revealed granular deposits of IgG, IgM, and C 3 in the mesangium, as well as on the glomerular capillary walls (Poli et al, 1991). Results were similar to those reported from other authors who found immune complex deposits in basement membrane from eleven dogs identified as carriers of visceral leishmaniasis (Benderitter et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Renal involvement in canine leishmaniasis: a morphological and immunohistochemical study

Soares

Moraes

2009

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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IgG and IgM deposits in kidneys of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were studied in 25 symptomatic dogs (case) and 15 asymptomatic dogs (control) by an immunohistochemical method. All tested dogs were positive for VL by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and indirect immunofluorescence test. Kidney fragments were submitted to immunohistochemical reaction. Many morphological patterns of distribution of subendothelial granules were identified for IgG and IgM in glomerular capillaries: global, segmental, diffuse, or focal. Intensity of immunohistochemical reaction to IgG was not significantly different when comparing the symptomatic and the asymptomatic animal groups by Fisher's exact test. IgM reactions were significantly different between groups (P<0.01). Deposits of IgM on mesangial cells and in inflammatory interstitial infiltrate were rarely seen, although IgG reactions were frequent at these sites. This study concluded that immunohistochemical reactions for IgM were more intense than those observed for IgG in canine VL, and these reactions were characterized by distribution of subendothelial granules in glomerular capillaries. Keywords: dog, Leishmania, kidneys, glomerulonephritis, immunoglobulins RESUMO Caracterizou-se a deposição de IgG e IgM em rins de cães com leishmaniose visceral (LV) pelo uso da técnica imunoistoquímica. Foram estudados rins de 25 cães sintomáticos (caso) e de 15 cães assintomáticos (controle). Todos os animais foram positivos

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Renal involvement in canine leishmaniasis: a morphological and immunohistochemical study

Soares

Moraes

2009

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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“…In canine VL in France and Spain, diffuse membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was the only pattern found in naturally infected dogs. 5,27 In another study of naturally acquired VL in Italy, diffuse membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis were diagnosed. 32 These two patterns were also those most frequently seen in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,9,10,16,18,38 Renal involvement in canine VL is also frequent, and the renal changes are similar to those seen in humans. 2,5,8,23,32 This similarity renders the study of canine VL nephropathy of interest with regard to human pathology. The renal lesion itself does not lead to renal insufficiency.…”

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confidence: 99%

Histopathologic Patterns of Nephropathy in Naturally Acquired Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

et al. 2003

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Abstract. Although the nephropathy of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is known both in humans and dogs, histopathologic alterations have not been thoroughly studied. We examined renal alterations in 55 dogs with naturally acquired VL compared with five noninfected dogs from an endemic area in northeastern Brazil. Glomerulonephritis was found in 55 dogs, interstitial alterations in 53 dogs, and tubular changes in 43 dogs with VL. The glomerular alterations found were minor glomerular abnormalities (n ϭ 8, 14.5%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (n ϭ 10, 18.2%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (n ϭ 17, 32.7%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ,(n ϭ 18, 30.9%), crescentic glomerulonephritis (n ϭ 1, 1.8%), and chronic glomerulonephritis (n ϭ 1, 1.8%). Morphometric and ultrastructural studies complemented the analysis. The five control animals exhibited no glomerular alterations. The glomerular lesions were related to functional alterations. Considering that the alterations of canine and human nephropathy in VL are very similar, the data obtained in this study constitute an important contribution to the understanding of canine and human VL nephropathy.Key words: Dogs; glomerulonephritis; morphometry; renal pathology; ultrastructure; visceral leishmaniasis.Canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a highly prevalent infection encountered throughout the world. In Brazil, VL results from infection by the protozoan Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi, which occurs in 18 of 27 Brazilian states. 20,22,26 VL is endemic to northeastern Brazil, and in Teresina, in the State of Piaui, some 1,600 dogs presenting naturally acquired VL were known when this study was initiated. At present, VL is also spreading to other urban areas in the southern and southeast regions, where the disease was not previously endemic. 31 In the infectious cycle of VL, the dog is the most important domestic reservoir and exhibits chronic evolution of the disease. 1,8,21 Leishmania is an obligatory intracellular parasite of mononuclear phagocytes. During infection, various host organs are affected including the kidney. Although VL-related nephropathy is known both in humans and dogs, the histopathologic patterns of the lesions present in VL have not been clearly established because most studies are based on very few cases and mainly because well-defined, lesion classification criteria were not used. 3,4,9,10,24,37,38 In human VL, glomerulosclerosis, mesangial cell proliferation, and interstitial nephritis have been reported. 3,9,10,16,18,38 Renal involvement in canine VL is also frequent, and the renal changes are similar to those seen in humans. 2,5,8,23,32 This similarity renders the study of canine VL nephropathy of interest with regard to human pathology. The renal lesion itself does not lead to renal insufficiency. However, when moderate or severe renal lesions are present, VL patients with systemic complications such as secondary infections, sepsis, and hypotension do develop renal insufficiency. 16 Furthermore, glomerular lesions appare...

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“…In the vast majority of cases, the fatal course of canine leishmaniasis is due to renal involvement (5,32). The major renal lesion in canine (32) and human (7,11) leishmaniasis is glomerulonephritis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Anti-LeishmaniaImmunoglobulin G Antibodies in Urine Specimens of Dogs with Leishmaniasis

Solano‐Gallego

Rodríguez

Iniesta

et al. 2003

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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For years, anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies have been detected in the sera of dogs living in areas of leishmaniasis endemicity. They have also been found in the aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast, a review of the literature failed to identify the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies in urine samples from dogs with leishmaniasis. Ninety-five dog urine samples were examined for the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies by using a protein A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty additional urine samples were collected from healthy dogs as controls. An IgG2 ELISA was performed on 26 urine samples found positive by the protein A ELISA. Twenty-three urine samples found positive to anti-Leishmania antibodies were tested for the local production of anti-Leishmania antibodies in the urinary tract by means of the urine antibody coefficient. Ten urine samples (and the corresponding serum samples) were compared by Western blot (WB) analysis. Thirty-five out of the 95 urine samples were found positive, 57 were found negative, and 3 were found inconclusive for antibody detection by the protein A ELISA. A high correlation between protein A and IgG2 levels was found in positive urine samples. Anti-Leishmania antibodies were present in the urine of dogs that had leishmaniasis, urinary protein/creatinine (U P/C) ratios of greater than one, and normal urinary sediment. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the U P/C ratios and the levels of anti-Leishmania antibodies in positive urine samples. In general, WB analysis and the urine antibody coefficient suggested that the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies in urine was the consequence of an impairment of filtration of the glomerular barrier. However, in some dogs, WB analysis could be interpreted as suggesting that the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies was caused, to a lesser extent, by local antibody production in the urinary tract. Antibody detection in urine could be a noninvasive method for leishmaniasis diagnosis and prognosis in dogs with glomerulonephropathies.Canine leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum, is a severe systemic disease highly prevalent in the Mediterranean basin. Clinical manifestations of the disease include nonpruritic skin lesions, such as exfoliative dermatitis and ulcerations; local or generalized lymphadenopathy; loss of weight; poor appetite; ocular lesions; epistaxis; lameness; renal failure; and diarrhea (8,12,21,36). Dogs with leishmaniasis have high anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels in sera (23), and clinicopathological findings include anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypercreatinemia, and proteinuria (22).In the vast majority of cases, the fatal course of canine leishmaniasis is due to renal involvement (5, 32). The major renal lesion in canine (32) and human (7, 11) leishmaniasis is glomerulonephritis. However, interstitial nephritis, tubular nephropathy, and glomerular amyloidosis in conjunction with glomer...

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Glomerulonephritis in dogs with canine leishmaniasis

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Renal involvement in canine leishmaniasis: a morphological and immunohistochemical study

Renal involvement in canine leishmaniasis: a morphological and immunohistochemical study

Histopathologic Patterns of Nephropathy in Naturally Acquired Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Detection of Anti-LeishmaniaImmunoglobulin G Antibodies in Urine Specimens of Dogs with Leishmaniasis

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