Gloss Measurement of Painted Surfaces

Matsuta, Morihiro; Kito, Kanji

doi:10.9746/sicetr1965.18.471

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Specialized instruments have been in use to index specularity and levels of specular intensities for different materials, such as plastics, varnishes, papers, textiles, and so forth. In instances in which visual ratings of apparent gloss were obtained, they were found to be positively correlated to these physical indices (viz., Fourt, Howorth, & Rutherford, 1954;Hunter, 1958;Hunter & Lofland, 1956;Matsuta & Kubota, 1981;Nimeroff, 1952;O'Donnell & Billmeyer, 1986). What is reported next, therefore, merely confirms the findings of this applied research.…”

Section: Glaresupporting

confidence: 68%

Specularity, brightness, achromatic color—and orthogonality

Flock

Nusinowitz

1987

Perception & Psychophysics

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For objects under the same illumination, the more specular object appeared brighter. This occurred irrespective of an object's apparent achromatic color, the distance at which it was viewed, the level of illumination, the method used for collecting observations, and other conditions. Also, when identical specular objects were differently illuminated, the one under the higher illumination, with the higher maximal luminances, appeared brighter. In the five experiments, which involved 340 subjects subdivided into 17 groups, large fields of view and real spaces were used. The results supported the conclusion that apparent brightness and achromatic color are orthogonal phenomena, and that in four of these experiments increased apparent brightness was correlated to, if not determined by, maximal specular luminances without regard to achromatic colors and diffuse luminances. This conclusion was necessarily modified by a fifth experiment, which showed that ifplaced under sufficiently high levels of illumination, less specular surfaces appeared brighter than more specular surfaces. This was taken to mean that a total account of the apparent brightness of surfaces would depend on an undiscovered algorithm involving maximal specular and diffuse luminances and their areal extents. With regard to the validity of the studies, the subjects were shown to have phenomenally discriminated brightness from glossiness and glare. Finally, phenomenal gloss and glare were found to be correlated to a surface's level of specularity.Objects with specular highlights appear brighter than objects without such highlights, or so it has seemed to us in informal observations. In our office, for example, the gray metallic file cabinet, the black telephone casing, the bottled india ink, the shiny gray leather on a chair, and other specular objects appear brighter than other surfaces, brighter even than various white surfaces that are not specular. We placed two pieces of black coal in the room, one polished (specular), one unpolished (matte). Both appeared black. But the polished piece appeared brighter than its unpolished counterpart, and, in fact, brighter than most other surfaces in the room. We selected two grays that appeared to be the same color. The more specular of the two grays appeared brighter. In other words, with everything under the same overall illumination, the more specular surfaces appeared to be brighter than the less specular and matte surfaces.Is this informal phenomenology with regard to specular surfaces generally true? Does an achromatically colored surface continue to appear to have approximately the same color, but to be apparently brighter when its specularity is increased? Helmholtz (1925) might possiThisresearch was supported in part by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and by two Minor Research grants from the Faculty of Arts, York University. We wish to thank the following students for their assistance in running the experiments: Andrea Birkenfeld, Sheila Gallagher, Nicholas G...

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Section: Glaresupporting

confidence: 68%

Specularity, brightness, achromatic color—and orthogonality

Flock

Nusinowitz

1987

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…The gloss measurement is an established and standardized procedure in paint and surface coating industry [20][21][22]. Typical industrial gloss meters illuminate the sample surface with a parallel beam of light and measures the specular reflection over a small range of reflection angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High sensitivity optical measurement of skin gloss

Ezerskaia¹,

Ras²,

Bloemen³

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:We demonstrate a low-cost optical method for measuring the gloss properties with improved sensitivity in the low gloss regime, relevant for skin gloss properties. The gloss estimation method is based on, on the one hand, the slope of the intensity gradient in the transition regime between specular and diffuse reflection and on the other on the sum over the intensities of pixels above threshold, derived from a camera image obtained using unpolarized white light illumination. We demonstrate the improved sensitivity of the two proposed methods using Monte Carlo simulations and experiments performed on ISO gloss calibration standards with an optical prototype. The performance and linearity of the method was compared with different professional gloss measurement devices based on the ratio of specular to diffuse intensity. We demonstrate the feasibility for in-vivo skin gloss measurements by quantifying the temporal evolution of skin gloss after application of standard paraffin cream bases on skin. The presented method opens new possibilities in the fields of cosmetology and dermatopharmacology for measuring the skin gloss and resorption kinetics and the pharmacodynamics of various external agents.

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Method for measuring the glossiness of curved surfaces using charge‐coupled‐device line sensor

Aida

Serikawa

Tamura

et al. 1986

Electron Comm Jpn Pt II

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The method for measuring the glossiness of a plane object is regulated in JIS Z 8741. However, no method has been established for the glossiness of a curved surface. For instance, the psychological glossiness Gph to humans depends on the radius of curvature of the object even if the material and the surface finish are identical. However, the conventional physical glossiness is almost unrelated to Gph. A system for measuring the indistinctness‐degree glossiness GID has been fabricated with a light source, an optical system (lens and slit), and charge‐coupled‐device (CCD) line sensor. This equipment has been used to measure GID of metal spheres of various radii, enamel‐coated spheres, and a spherical pearl of 8 mm diameter. In all samples, a strong correlation with a correlation factor more than 0.88 has been observed between GID and the psychological glossiness GID. From this fact, it has been found that GID is effective as a physical glossiness of a curved surface with a relatively large glossiness such as the curved surface of a metal body, painted body and spherical pearl. On the other hand, GID is not suited for a curved surface with a low glossiness such as paper and plastic or for a highly glossy metal surface with a mirror finish.

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Gloss Measurement of Painted Surfaces

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Specularity, brightness, achromatic color—and orthogonality

Specularity, brightness, achromatic color—and orthogonality

High sensitivity optical measurement of skin gloss

Method for measuring the glossiness of curved surfaces using charge‐coupled‐device line sensor

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