Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) suppresses ghrelin levels in humans via increased insulin secretion

Hagemann, Dirk; Holst, Jens J.; Gethmann, Arnica; Banasch, Matthias; Schmidt, Wolfgang E.; Meier, Juris J.

doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2007.03.002

Cited by 75 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…GHRL levels in the postprandial phase may also affect regulation of gastric motility and food intake, affecting secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin hormone. 37,38 Considering our results and previous studies, dysregulation of early phase of gastric emptying, such as abnormality of AUC 15 value, but not entire gastric emptying, may be associated with reduction of acylated GHRL levels in FD patients with the Leu72Met708GG genotype (dominant model). It may be of value to consider the pathophysiology of FD patients to determine the precise mechanisms involved in the disturbance of gastric motility in early postprandial phase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Leu72Met408 Polymorphism of the Ghrelin Gene Is Associated With Early Phase of Gastric Emptying in the Patients With Functional Dyspepsia in Japan

Yanagawa

Futagami

Shimpuku

et al. 2015

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/Aims There are no available data about the relationship between ghrelin gene genotypes and early phase of gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia (FD) as defined by Rome III classification. Methods We enrolled 74 patients presenting with typical symptoms of FD and 64 healthy volunteers. Gastric motility was evaluated using the 13 C-acetate breath test. We used Rome III criteria to evaluate upper abdominal symptoms and self-rating questionnaires for depression (SRQ-D) scores to determine status of depression. The Arg51Gln (346G>A), preproghrelin (3056T>C), Leu72Met (408C>A), Gln90Leu (3412T>A) and G-protein β3 (825C>T) polymorphisms were analyzed in the DNA from blood samples of enrolled subjects. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results There was a significant relationship between the Gln90Leu3412 genotype and SRQ-D score in FD patients ( P = 0.009). Area under the curve at 15 minutes (AUC 15 ) value was significantly associated with the Leu72Met408 genotype ( P = 0.015) but not with entire gastric emptying. Conclusions The Leu72Met (408C>A) single nucleotide polymorphism was significantly associated with early phase of gastric emptying in FD patients. Further studies will be necessary to clarify the association between ghrelin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and early phase of gastric emptying in FD patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Leu72Met408 Polymorphism of the Ghrelin Gene Is Associated With Early Phase of Gastric Emptying in the Patients With Functional Dyspepsia in Japan

Yanagawa

Futagami

Shimpuku

et al. 2015

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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“…79 This inhibitory effect of insulin on ghrelin level may underlie the suppression of glucose on ghrelin and the inverse relationship between bodyweight and ghrelin level. It may also explain the low ghrelin level in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Hormones Regulating Ghrelin Expression and Secretion Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin – Physiological Functions and Regulation

Abdalla

2015

European Endocrinology

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Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide predominantly secreted from the stomach and stimulates appetite and growth hormone (GH) release.Studies have provided evidence that ghrelin exercises a wide range of functions, including regulation of food intake and energy metabolism, modulation of cardiovascular function, stimulation of osteoblast proliferation and bone formation and stimulation of neurogenesis and myogenesis. In the gastrointestinal system, ghrelin affects multiple functions, including secretion of gastric acid, gastric motility and pancreatic protein output. Most of these functions have been attributed to the actions of acylated ghrelin. The balance among its secretion rate, degradation rate and clearance rate determines the circulating level of ghrelin. This review explains what ghrelin is, its physiological functions and the factors that influence its level. KeywordsGhrelin, food intake, obesity, lipolysis, ghrelin receptors, regulation Disclosure: Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla has no conflicts of interest to declare. Acknowledgement:A note of appreciation to Research Management Centre of MAHSA University, Malaysia for funding publication of this article.

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“…Administration of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) or its analog exendin-4 suppressed circulating ghrelin levels in some studies [190,191], whereas another study reported no effect [192]. GLP-2 also suppresses ghrelin secretion [193] 127], suggesting that the inhibitory action of GLP-1 on ghrelin secretion is indirect.…”

Section: Glucagon-like Peptide 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GLP-2 also suppresses ghrelin secretion [193] 127], suggesting that the inhibitory action of GLP-1 on ghrelin secretion is indirect. At least some of the inhibitory action of GLP-1 on ghrelin seems to be mediated by elevation of insulin levels [190].…”

Section: Glucagon-like Peptide 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of circulating ghrelin — with recent updates from cell-based assays [Review]

2015

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Abstract. Ghrelin is a stomach-derived orexigenic hormone with a wide range of physiological functions. Elucidation of the regulation of the circulating ghrelin level would lead to a better understanding of appetite control in body energy homeostasis. Earlier studies revealed that circulating ghrelin levels are under the control of both acute and chronic energy status: at the acute scale, ghrelin levels are increased by fasting and decreased by feeding, whereas at the chronic scale, they are high in obese subjects and low in lean subjects. Subsequent studies revealed that nutrients, hormones, or neural activities can influence circulating ghrelin levels in vivo. Recently developed in vitro assay systems for ghrelin secretion can assess whether and how individual factors affect ghrelin secretion from cells. In this review, on the basis of numerous human, animal, and cell-based studies, we summarize current knowledge on the regulation of circulating ghrelin levels and enumerate the factors that influence ghrelin levels. Key words: GhrelinGHRELIN is a 28-amino-acid peptide hormone [1], originally identified from the rat stomach as a natural ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) [2]. On its third Ser residue, ghrelin has a unique n-octanoylation modification that is necessary for binding to . This acyl modification is mediated by a membrane-bound O-acyltransferase, ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) [3, 4]. Ghrelin exerts a wide range of effects including stimulation of growth hormone secretion [5][6][7][8][9][10], food intake [11][12][13][14][15][16], gastric acid secretion [17, 18], and gastric emptying [19, 20], and suppression of fat utilization [21, 22] and insulin secretion [23][24][25][26][27][28].The regulation of circulating ghrelin levels is the subject of active research. In early studies, plasma ghrelin levels were measured under various conditions, providing a basic profile of circulating ghrelin levels and their changes in response to specific stimuli. In addition, in vivo studies using human subjects or animals were conducted to determine the effects of various compounds on ghrelin secretion. The generation of ghrelin-producing cell lines [29, 30] and FACS-based isolation of fluorescently tagged ghrelin-producing cells [30][31][32] have recently enabled development of in vitro assay systems for assessing the effects of individual compounds on ghrelin secretion and determining the gene-expression profiles (e.g., of genes encoding receptors or signal molecules) of ghrelin-producing cells.In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the regulation of circulating ghrelin levels and ghrelin secretion, with recent updates obtained from cell-based assay systems. The source of circulating ghrelin: ghrelin-producing (X/A-like) cellsThe majority of circulating ghrelin is derived from the stomach [1, 33]. The predominant ghrelin-producing cell is the X/A-like cell, a type of gastric endocrine cell whose physiological role had been previously unknown [34, 35]. X/A-like cells account ...

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Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) suppresses ghrelin levels in humans via increased insulin secretion

Cited by 75 publications

References 30 publications

Leu72Met408 Polymorphism of the Ghrelin Gene Is Associated With Early Phase of Gastric Emptying in the Patients With Functional Dyspepsia in Japan

Leu72Met408 Polymorphism of the Ghrelin Gene Is Associated With Early Phase of Gastric Emptying in the Patients With Functional Dyspepsia in Japan

Ghrelin – Physiological Functions and Regulation

The regulation of circulating ghrelin — with recent updates from cell-based assays [Review]

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Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) suppresses ghrelin levels in humans via increased insulin secretion

Cited by 75 publications

References 30 publications

Leu72Met408 Polymorphism of the Ghrelin Gene Is Associated With Early Phase of Gastric Emptying in the Patients With Functional Dyspepsia in Japan

Leu72Met408 Polymorphism of the Ghrelin Gene Is Associated With Early Phase of Gastric Emptying in the Patients With Functional Dyspepsia in Japan

Ghrelin – Physiological Functions and Regulation

The regulation of circulating ghrelin &mdash; with recent updates from cell-based assays [Review]

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The regulation of circulating ghrelin — with recent updates from cell-based assays [Review]