Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Review of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) that also reduce body weight and blood pressure. Cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials with GLP-1RAs have all demonstrated CV safety; some also significantly reduce the risk for CV events. GLP-1RAs with CV benefits should be prioritized in adults with T2D at high CV risk to reduce CV events and lower blood glucose.

Consensus 2021 for medical management of type 2 diabetes from the diabetes, obesity, and nutrition working group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine

“…SUSTAIN-6 and LEADER include vascular stenosis > 50% at the coronary, carotid, and periphery level, moderate renal insufficiency, or stage 2/3 HF as established CVD. In contrast, these patients were not defined as having established CVD in the REWIND study 53 .…”

Poly ethylene glycol (PEG)-Related controllable and sustainable antidiabetic drug delivery systems

“…Besides, various pharmacological activities including the normalization of serum glucose level, the regulation of cardiovascular situation 123 and the promotion of β-cell proliferation 124 have been reported. A PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymeric thermosensitive hydrogel was reported 42 as the carrier of another versatile GLP-1 receptor agonists lixisenatide (lixi) [126][127][128] since the electronic interaction between lixi and PLGA-PEG-PLGA benefit the stability of lixi. Except for PLGA-PEG-PLGA, PCGA-PEG-PCGA copolymers and the mixture of these two copolymeric systems were also investigated.…”

Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review

“…Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) belong to an effective class of medications approved for the treatment of T2D and for preventing diabetes-related cardiovascular and renal complications over time [148][149][150][151]. Immune response and systemic inflammation play a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in case of severe clinical course of the disease.…”