Glucan and Mannan—Two Peas in a Pod

Короленко, Т А; Bgatova, Nataliya; Větvička, Václav

doi:10.3390/ijms20133189

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Bge., fructans from Allium sativum L. [ 56 ], fucogalactoxyloglucan and type II acidic arabinogalactan from Echinacea purpurea L. (Moench), ginsan and panaxanes from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, acemannan and aloeride from Aloe vera L. [ 74 ], and glucomannan from Amorphallus konjac Koch [ 75 ].…”

Section: Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview

2020

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Immunomodulators are agents able to affect the immune system, by boosting the immune defences to improve the body reaction against infectious or exogenous injuries, or suppressing the abnormal immune response occurring in immune disorders. Moreover, immunoadjuvants can support immune system acting on nonimmune targets, thus improving the immune response. The modulation of inflammatory pathways and microbiome can also contribute to control the immune function. Some plant-based nutraceuticals have been studied as possible immunomodulating agents due to their multiple and pleiotropic effects. Being usually more tolerable than pharmacological treatments, their adjuvant contribution is approached as a desirable nutraceutical strategy. In the present review, the up to date knowledge about the immunomodulating properties of polysaccharides, fatty acids and labdane diterpenes have been analyzed, in order to give scientific basic and clinical evidence to support their practical use. Since promising evidence in preclinical studies, limited and sometimes confusing results have been highlighted in clinical trials, likely due to low methodological quality and lacking standardization. More investigations of high quality and specificity are required to describe in depth the usefulness of these plant-derived nutraceuticals in the immune system modulation, for health promoting and disease preventing purposes.

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Section: Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview

2020

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“…Thus it plays a role in appetite control. It is used as a natural laxative as it can increase stool volume without damaging the colonic micro ecology [13][14]. Studies show that it regulates intestinal microbiota and reduces the risk of colorectal cancer [14][15].…”

Section: Glucomannans Are Carbohydrate Polymers Consist Of 14-β-d-mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and lipase enzyme activity of essential oil and solvent extracts from Serapiasorientalis subsp. orientalis

Erik¹,

Kılıç²,

Öztürk³

et al. 2020

Turk J Chem

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The volatile component of essential oil (EO), SPME, and SPME of solvent extracts (n-hexane, methanol and water) obtained from fresh Serapias orientalis subsp. orientalis (Soo) were analyzed by GC-FID/MS. EO of Soo gave eleven compounds in the ratio of 99.97% and capronaldehyde (37.01%), 2-(E)-hexenal (23.19%), and n-nonanal 2 (19.05%) were found to be major constituents. SPME GC-FID/MS analyses of fresh plant and solvent extracts of Soo revealed 7, 12, 7, and 4 compounds within the range of 99.7% to 99.9% ratio, respectively. Limonene (76.5%, 41.7% and 61.3%) was the major compound in SPME and SPME of the n-hexane and methanol extracts, respectively. α-Methoxy-p-cresol (52.9%) was the main component in water extract of it. The antimicrobial activity of EO and the solvent extracts of Soo were screened for against nine microorganisms. EO showed the best activity against the Mycobacterium smegmatis with 79.5 µg/mL MIC value. The nhexane, methanol, and water extracts were the most active against the Staphylococcus aureus within the range of 81.25-125.0 µg/mL (MIC). IC 50 values for the lipase enzyme inhibitory activity of EO and solvent extracts (n-hexane, methanol, and water) was determined to be 59.87 µg/mL 64.03 µg/mL, 101.91 µg/mL, and 121.24 µg/mL, respectively.

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“…Mannooligosaccharides can be derived from mannans (both αand β-mannans, from yeasts and plants, respectively), glucomanans, galactomanans and glucogalactomannans, that can be degraded by an assortment of enzymes acting on the β-1,4-linkages between the glycosidic moieties: β-mannanases, β-mannosidases, β-glucosidases and some auxiliary enzymes (α-galactosidases and acetyl mannan esterases). Antitumor and antimetastatic action of mannans and glucans is well-studied [26]. This property is also present in their oligomers, which also show a prebiotic activity that controls microbiota population in the gastrointestinal tract [9,26].A well-known heteropolysaccharide in vegetable and fruit peels is pectin.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Antitumor and antimetastatic action of mannans and glucans is well-studied [26]. This property is also present in their oligomers, which also show a prebiotic activity that controls microbiota population in the gastrointestinal tract [9,26].A well-known heteropolysaccharide in vegetable and fruit peels is pectin. Its composition and structure are notably more complex than the ones of the other polysaccharides typically encountered in lignocellulosic biomass [27].…”

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Production of Oligosaccharides from Agrofood Wastes

et al. 2020

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The development of biorefinery processes to platform chemicals for most lignocellulosic substrates, results in side processes to intermediates such as oligosaccharides. Agrofood wastes are most amenable to produce such intermediates, in particular, cellooligo-saccharides (COS), pectooligosaccharides (POS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and other less abundant oligomers containing mannose, arabinose, galactose and several sugar acids. These compounds show a remarkable bioactivity as prebiotics, elicitors in plants, food complements, healthy coadyuvants in certain therapies and more. They are medium to high added-value compounds with an increasing impact in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review is focused on the main production processes: autohydrolysis, acid and basic catalysis and enzymatic saccharification. Autohydrolysis of food residues at 160-190 • C leads to oligomer yields in the 0.06-0.3 g/g dry solid range, while acid hydrolysis of pectin (80-120 • C) or cellulose (45-180 • C) yields up to 0.7 g/g dry polymer. Enzymatic hydrolysis at 40-50 • C of pure polysaccharides results in 0.06-0.35 g/g dry solid (DS), with values in the range 0.08-0.2 g/g DS for original food residues.Fermentation 2020, 6, 31 2 of 27 forestall engineering approaches, to name a few. Lignocellulosic biomass, of any origin is, therefore, a most promising raw material for biorefineries, considering such facilities as integrated refineries turning biomass into fuels, platform chemicals, food, feed and materials using integrated processes with an optimized used of resources [4]. This vision can be extended to resources of aquatic origin (seaweed, seagrass and microalgae) as well as residues from livestock [5,6]. In general, apart from forestall and energy crops biomass, most of it depends on the production of biomass and, in particular, food wastes [7,8]. While more than 100,000 M tons of biomass wastes are yearly produced [7], wastes strictly considered as food wastes (foods not consumed from any part of the food supply chain or any part of the food that is non edible and, therefore, becomes a residue) account for more than 1300 M tons each year [8]. The valorization of biomass wastes into a plethora of useful energy vectors, chemical compounds and ingredients receives a notable amount of interest from all stakeholders, including researchers and entrepreneurs. They are a source to several value-added products, such as monosaccharides (glucose, xylose, mannose, fructose, arabinose and more), oligosaccharides (fructoor FOS, xylo-or XOS, galacto-or GOS, galacturonic-or GALOS, lactosucrose, etc.), biofuels (ethanol, butanol, dimethylether -DME-, biodiesel, hydrogen), bioactive compounds (flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, terpenoids, carotenoids), nanocellulose (bacterial, wood-related), lignin and its derivatives (a source of aromatics from biomass and prospective substitute of the aromatic or BTEX fraction produced in oil refineries) [8]. Oligomers from cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin and oth...

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Glucan and Mannan—Two Peas in a Pod

Cited by 37 publications

References 105 publications

Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview

Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview

Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and lipase enzyme activity of essential oil and solvent extracts from Serapiasorientalis subsp. orientalis

Production of Oligosaccharides from Agrofood Wastes

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