Glucomannan- and glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched pork affect liver fatty acid profile, LDL receptor expression and antioxidant status in Zucker fa/fa rats fed atherogenic diets

Abstract

We evaluated the effects of glucomannan or glucomannan plus spirulina-restructured pork (RP) on liver fatty acid profile, desaturase/elongase enzyme activities and oxidative status of Zucker fa/fa rats for seven weeks. Control (C), glucomannan (G) and glucomannan/spirulina (GS)-RP; HC (cholesterol-enriched control), HG and HGS (cholesterol-enriched glucomannan and glucomannan/spirulina-RP) experimental diets were tested. Increased metabolic syndrome markers were found in C, G and GS rats. Cholesterol feeding increased liver size, fat, and cholesterol and reduced antioxidant enzyme levels and expressions. Cholesterolemia was lower in HG and HGS than in HC. GS vs. G showed higher stearic but lower oleic levels. SFA and PUFA decreased while MUFA increased by cholesterol feeding. The arachidonic/linoleic and docosahexaenoic/alpha-linolenic ratios were lower in HC, HG, and HGS vs. C, G, and GS, respectively, suggesting a delta-6-elongase-desaturase system inhibition. Moreover, cholesterol feeding, mainly in HGS, decreased low-density-lipoprotein receptor expression and the delta-5-desaturase activity and increased the delta-9-desaturase activity. In conclusion, the liver production of highly unsaturated fatty acids was limited to decrease their oxidation in presence of hypercholesterolaemia. Glucomannan or glucomannan/spirulina-RP has added new attributes to their functional properties in meat, partially arresting the negative effects induced by high-fat-high-cholesterol feeding on the liver fatty acid and antioxidant statuses.

Whole Alga, Algal Extracts, and Compounds as Ingredients of Functional Foods: Composition and Action Mechanism Relationships in the Prevention and Treatment of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…The algae employment as functional ingredients in different food matrices has also been studied [ 220 ]. Depending on the study matrix, the glucomannan plus Spirulina consumption has revealed different effects on carbohydrates homeostasis in Zucker fa/fa rats fed an atherogenic diet.…”

“…The inclusion of these functional ingredients in a fish product made with squid-surimi lowered blood glucose, leptin, and adiponectin levels [ 221 ]. In contrast, when glucomannan plus Spirulina was included in a meat matrix, no changes were revealed on glycemia [ 220 ]. This loss of effect could be due to the higher caloric content of the diets belonging to the study with functional meats, in which the functional ingredient did not show effect on blood glucose.…”

Perfil hepático de ácidos grasos de ratas gestantes-lactantes y vírgenes suplementadas con espirulina (Arthrospira platensis)

“…de elongación e insaturación de ácidos grasos en el hígado Algunas proporciones de productos y precursores se utilizaron como índices sustitutos de enzimas hepáticas utilizando las siguientes fórmulas 26 : Δ6 elongasa-desaturasa: (a) Ácido docosahexahenoico /ácido linolénico (C22:6 n-3/C18:3 n-3) (b) Ácido araquidónico/ácido linoleico (C20:4 n-6 / C18:2 n-6) Estearoil-CoA: ácido palmitoleico/ácido palmítico (C16:1 n-7/C16:0) Oleoil-CoA: ácido oleico/ácido esteárico (C18:1 n-9/ C18:0) Δ5D: ácido araquidónico / ácido eicosatrienoico (C20: 4 n-6 / C20: 3 n-6) Δ6D: ácido gamma-linolénico /ácido linoleico (C18:3 n-6/C18:2 n-6)…”

“…La relación de producto/precursor de las enzimas está limitada por los ácidos grasos que se detectaron mediante la cromatografía. De acuerdo a los índices sustitutivos calculados, se observaron niveles bajos de las enzimas Δ-6elongasa-desaturasa y Oleyl-CoA, menos de 1,90 y 3,04 respectivamente, asociados al mecanismo de protección para evitar el exceso de ácidos grasos peroxidables y oxiesteroles en el hígado en el primer caso y la composición de la grasa hepática total en el segundo, por la inhibición parcial de la transformación de ALA a EPA y DHA o AL a ARA 26 .…”

The Effectiveness of Glucomannan and Nano Activated-Carbon as Hypercholesterol-Lowering Agents

“…The glucomannans could be an option for therapeutic tools in curing a wide range of physiological disorders such as diverticulitis and Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (Tester & Al-Ghazzewi, 2013). Furthermore, a study by González-Torres et al (2016) revealed that cholesterolemia was lower in glucomannan and glucomannan/spirulina treatment in rats. Glucomannan has been approved as generally regarded as safe (GRAS) food additive and had been approved by related agencies on food and health regulation in the USA, Canada and European Commission (Tester & Al-Ghazzewi, 2017).…”