Gluconeogenesis from propionate produced in the colon of the horse

Simmons, H.A.; Ford, E.J.H.

doi:10.1016/0007-1935(91)90006-9

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It has been shown previously in the horse that oral glucose does not enhance glycogen repletion (Davie et al 1994). Studies argue that, in the horse, propionic acid normally formed in caecum and colon accounts for at least half of the daily amount of glucose synthesised (Ford and Simmons 1985;Simmons and Ford 1991). In the present study, the most successful among the treatments tested was propionic acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Furthermore, large amounts of soluble carbohydrates cannot be recommended for the horse, because they may cause gastrointestinal disorders or laminitis. Therefore, the horses in this study received propionic acid, an efficient precursor of glucose (Ford and Simmons 1985;Simmons and Ford 1991). ' To study the effects of insulin and a glucose precursor on muscle glycogen, the horses performed an endurance exercise test on a treadmill to deplete their glycogen stores, and received leucine or propionic acid together with glucose during early recovery.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Metabolic and hormonal changes after exercise in relation to muscle glycogen concentrations

Pösö

Hyyppä

1999

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary To test whether, in horses, the concentration of muscle glycogen can be influenced by increasing the uptake of glucose into the muscle cells or by providing a gluconeogenic precursor, 9 trained half‐bred riding horses performed on a treadmill a 1.5 h competition exercise test (CET). Each horse performed CET 3 times and 30 min after CET, each was given one of the following solutions: isotonic glucose‐electrolyte (GE) solution, GE supplemented with 50 g leucine (GEL) to increase insulin secretion, or GE supplemented with 200 ml propionic acid (GEP), a gluconeogenic precursor. Administration of GE solutions caused no increase in plasma glucose concentration. The highest concentration of insulin was measured after GEL, but also in the GE group the concentration of insulin increased. GEP completely inhibited the increase in insulin concentration. Concentration of glucagon was increased 6 and 22.5 h after CET. None of the post exercise treatments influenced significantly the glycogen content at 22.5 h after CET. This indicates that neither i) elevation of insulin concentration to increase muscle‐uptake of glucose, nor ii) increase in the availability of a glucose precursor, propionic acid, was able to increase accumulation of glycogen in the middle gluteal muscle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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confidence: 99%

Metabolic and hormonal changes after exercise in relation to muscle glycogen concentrations

Pösö

Hyyppä

1999

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Similarly, plasma VFA concentrations in the jugular vein will not accurately represent microbial VFA production or even portal vein VFA concentrations, particularly for propionate and butyrate. Most absorbed propionate is converted into glucose by the liver and provides 50–61 % of blood glucose in horses ( 83 ) , and butyrate is the preferred energy substrate for colonocytes and thus plays an important role in the maintenance of hindgut health. Therefore, of the venous VFA, we focused on plasma acetate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibre digestibility, abundance of faecal bacteria and plasma acetate concentrations in overweight adult mares

et al. 2014

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The purpose of the present study was to compare digestibility of grass hay, faecal and plasma volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, and faecal bacterial abundance in overweight and moderate-condition mares. Five overweight adult mixed-breed mares and five adult mixed-breed mares in moderate condition were housed individually and limit-fed orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) hay at 20 g/kg body weight (as fed) daily for 14 d. Forage DM and fibre digestibility were determined using AOAC methods; digestible energy was measured using bomb calorimetry; plasma and faecal VFA concentrations were determined by use of GC and MS; faecal Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and total bacteria abundance was determined by quantitative real-time PCR using previously designed phylum-specific 16S ribosomal RNA gene primers. No differences in hay digestibility, faecal VFA concentrations or faecal bacterial abundance were detected between overweight and moderate-condition mares. Mean plasma acetate concentrations were higher (P = 0·03) in overweight (1·55 (range 1·43–1·65) mmol/l) v. moderate-condition (1·39 (range 1·22–1·47) mmol/l) mares. We conclude that the higher plasma acetate in overweight mares should be further investigated as a potential link between gut microbes and obesity in horses.

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“…Horses that received a roughage‐rich diet showed a greater capacity for gluconeogenesis compared with horses fed a starch‐rich diet, and normal blood glucose levels can be maintained for a longer period (Frape, 1998). This is because up to 60% of equine blood sugar is produced in the liver via gluconeogenesis from propionate (Simmons and Ford, 1991). However, some authors recommend restrictive roughage feeding starting 3 days before intense exercise of short duration, because it causes less water uptake and storage in the intestine, reduces the body weight and reduces energy expenditure during running (Rice et al., 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on the feeding of eventing horses during competition

Brunner

Wichert

Burger

et al. 2012

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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This study aims at the comparison of the actual feeding of horses with the recommendations from the literature, and it studies the effects of feeding and exercise on several blood metabolic parameters before and after exercise. Blood samples were collected from 25 horses during one-star eventing competitions and evaluated for blood glucose, insulin, lactate, free fatty acids and triglyceride levels. Questionnaires on the feeding practices of the horses were evaluated. The questionnaires revealed that during training, and on tournament days, horses received on average 4.3 kg of concentrate per day (min. 1.54 kg, max. 8 kg). The statistical analysis showed no significant effect of the amount of concentrate fed before exercise on the measured blood values. Oil was supplied as a supplementary energy source to 30% of the horses, but most of them only received very small quantities (0.02-0.4 l/day). Five horses (20%) had no access to salt supplements at all, and eleven horses (45%) had no access to salt on tournament days. Fifteen horses (60%) were supplied with mineral feed. Twenty-one horses (84%) had daily access to pasture during the training period. During competition, 55% of the horses received roughage ad libitum, compared with 37% during training. The majority of the horses received less roughage on days before the cross-country competition. It could not be ascertained whether feeding a large amounts of roughage had a beneficial effect on performance, because only a few horses in this study were fed with very restrictive roughage. Feeding of most of the horses was in agreement with the recommendations from the literature, except the need for sodium and chloride. The sodium and chloride need for sport horses may be overestimated in literature and needs to be re-evaluated.

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Gluconeogenesis from propionate produced in the colon of the horse

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

Metabolic and hormonal changes after exercise in relation to muscle glycogen concentrations

Metabolic and hormonal changes after exercise in relation to muscle glycogen concentrations

Fibre digestibility, abundance of faecal bacteria and plasma acetate concentrations in overweight adult mares

A survey on the feeding of eventing horses during competition

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