Glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis?

Russell, Alan; McCarty, Mark F.

doi:10.1054/mehy.1999.1012

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Even though phenylalanine racemase, which converts L‐Phe to D‐Phe, has been identified in Bacillus brevis ,33 to our knowledge, humans do not synthesize D‐Phe. However, when administered to humans, D‐Phe potentiates analgesia (pain relief) and eases depression by inhibiting enkephalinase, which degrades enkephalin peptides, leading to activation of the opioid delta receptors (for review, see references) 34–36. These findings, together with our kinetic data, suggest that exogenously administered D‐amino acids are able to act as effective neuromodulators and highlight the importance of DAO in the metabolism of many of these molecules.…”

Section: Oxidation Of D‐dopa By Hdao: Alternative Pathway For Dopaminmentioning

confidence: 54%

Human D‐amino acid oxidase: an update and review

Kawazoe

Park

Iwana

et al. 2007

The Chemical Record

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The flavoprotein D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) degrades the gliotransmitter D-Ser, a potent activator of N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors. A body of evidence suggests that DAO, together with its activator, G72 protein, may play a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It has also been suggested that 3,4-dihydroxy-D-phenylalanine (D-DOPA), the stereoisomer of 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA), is oxidized by DAO and converted to dopamine via an alternative biosynthetic pathway. We determined the crystal structures of human DAO in complex with the reaction products of two clinically important substrates, D-Ser and D-DOPA. Kinetic data show that the maximum velocity is much greater for D-DOPA than that for D-Ser, which strongly supports the proposed alternative pathway for dopamine biosynthesis in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In addition, biochemical characterization of human DAO indicates that it binds FAD more weakly than does porcine D-amino acid oxidase (pDAO) and exists as a stable homodimer, even in the apoprotein form. Determination of the structures of human DAO in various states reveals that, in contrast to pDAO, the hydrophobic-Val-Ala-Ala-Gly-Leu (VAAGL) stretch (residues 47-51, structurally ambivalent peptide) located at the si-face of the flavin ring assumes a uniquely stable conformation, which provides a structural basis for the unique kinetic features of human DAO.

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Section: Oxidation Of D‐dopa By Hdao: Alternative Pathway For Dopaminmentioning

confidence: 54%

Human D‐amino acid oxidase: an update and review

Kawazoe

Park

Iwana

et al. 2007

The Chemical Record

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“…There have been anecdotal reports of improvement in migraine symptoms after treatment with oral glucosamine 40 . There is some evidence that mast cells are central mediators of neurogenic inflammation in migraine headaches.…”

Section: Other Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is some evidence that mast cells are central mediators of neurogenic inflammation in migraine headaches. The mechanism for symptom improvement may be related to glucosamine‐stimulating heparin synthesis by mast cells; heparin seems to have anti‐inflammatory activity, and may be able to inhibit mast cell degranulation 40 . In addition, exogenous glucosamine could enhance heparan sulfate proteoglycan production by vascular endothelial cells, and thereby act to retard atherogenesis 41 …”

Section: Other Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucosamine: an ingredient with skin and other benefits

Bissett

2006

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Both glucosamine and its derivative N-acetyl glucosamine are amino-monosaccharides that serve key biochemical functions on their own and as substrate precursors for the biosynthesis of polymers such as glycosaminoglycans (e.g., hyaluronic acid) and for the production of proteoglycans. Glucosamine has an excellent safety profile and has been shown to provide benefits in several clinical disorders. Glucosamine compounds have been reported to have several beneficial effects on the skin or skin cells. Because of its stimulation of hyaluronic acid synthesis, glucosamine has been shown to accelerate wound healing, improve skin hydration, and decrease wrinkles. In addition, as an inhibitor of tyrosinase activation, it inhibits melanin production and is useful in treatment of disorders of hyperpigmentation. Mechanistically, glucosamine also has both anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects. Clinical trials have shown benefit in using oral glucosamine supplementation to improve symptoms and slow the progression of osteoarthritis in humans. Glucosamine has also been used to prevent and treat osteoarthritis in animals. Based on other observations, glucosamine has been suggested for additional clinical uses, including treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, migraine headaches, and viral infections. The current clinical uses for topical and oral glucosamine compounds and the mechanistic rationale for these uses are reviewed here.

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“…Small doses of heparin might revert the situation and substantially reduce the number and the severity of migraine attacks, and even be used during an attack to abort it 14,18 . More recent research on the subject is corroborating the role of heparin as an anti‐inflammatory drug, 19 as well as stabilization of mast cell endogenous heparin as a possible treatment of migraine 20 …”

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confidence: 99%