Glucose and caffeine effects on sustained attention: an exploratory fMRI study.

Serra-Grabulosa, Josep M.; Adán, Ana; Falcón, Carles; Bargalló, Núria

doi:10.1002/hup.1150

Cited by 49 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Another issue that deserves attention is that most experiments that investigated the cognitive effects of caffeine were carried out after an overnight fast, which in itself can impair cognitive performance (see Gibson and Green, ; Messier, ). Furthermore, some authors suggest that caffeine and glucose can act synergically to enhance attentional performance (Adan and Serra‐Grabulosa, ; Serra‐Grabulosa et al, ; Scholey and Kennedy, ), possibly because caffeine modulates glucose metabolism (Greer et al, ; Keijzers et al, ; Thong et al, ; Moisey et al, ; Young and Benton, ) and cognitively demanding processing is dependent on blood sugar levels (see Donohoe and Benton, ; Scholey et al, ; Messier, ). As caffeine‐containing products are commonly consumed with food, providing data about the effects of caffeine under meal and fasting conditions may also aid in the better understanding of the effects of caffeine in everyday use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differently, regarding simple and sustained attention, we hypothesized that personalized acute habitual doses of caffeine would improve performance because there is a large body of data that supports these effects, even in small doses (see Einöther and Giesbrecht, ). Furthermore, because of the suggestions that there are synergic cognitive effects of caffeine and glucose (Adan and Serra‐Grabulosa, ; Serra‐Grabulosa et al, ; Scholey and Kennedy, ) and that caffeine can increases blood glucose levels (Greer et al, ; Keijzers et al, ; Thong et al, ; Moisey et al, ; Young and Benton, ), we expected that these effects would be more pronounced when subjects were fed. Regarding subjective measures, we believed that they would not indirectly affect cognitive performance because this occurs mainly when participants are under conditions that impair cognitive performance, such as sleep (e.g., Newman et al, ) and caffeine (e.g., Smith, ) deprivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute personalized habitual caffeine doses improve attention and have selective effects when considering the fractionation of executive functions

Lanini

Galduróz

Pompéia

2015

Hum. Psychopharmacol Clin Exp

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Caffeine is widely used, often consumed with food, and improves simple and complex/executive attention under fasting conditions. We investigated whether these cognitive effects are observed when personalized habitual doses of caffeine are ingested by caffeine consumers, whether they are influenced by nutriments and if various executive domains are susceptible to improvement. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study including 60 young, healthy, rested males randomly assigned to one of four treatments: placebo fasting, caffeine fasting, placebo meal and caffeine meal. Caffeine doses were individualized for each participant based on their self-reported caffeine consumption at the time of testing (morning). The test battery included measures of simple and sustained attention, executive domains (inhibiting, updating, shifting, dual tasking, planning and accessing long-term memory), control measures of subjective alterations, glucose and insulin levels, skin conductance, heart rate and pupil dilation. Regardless of meal intake, acute habitual doses of caffeine decreased fatigue, and improved simple and sustained attention and executive updating. This executive effect was not secondary to the habitual weekly dose consumed, changes in simple and sustained attention, mood, meal ingestion and increases in cognitive effort. We conclude that the morning caffeine "fix" has positive attentional effects and selectively improved executive updating whether or not caffeine is consumed with food.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute personalized habitual caffeine doses improve attention and have selective effects when considering the fractionation of executive functions

Lanini

Galduróz

Pompéia

2015

Hum. Psychopharmacol Clin Exp

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“…A working memory study (29) has found that response in bilateral medial frontopolar cortex and right anterior cingulate cortex is increased after caffeine intake, suggesting that caffeine can modulate neuronal activity in a network of brain areas associated with executive and attentional functions during working memory processes. Serra-Grabulosa et al (30) have reported that caffeine has modest effect on sustained attention-task activation not directly inferred in a statistical way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and Working Memory Task-Load Dependent Activation Increase with Deactivation Decrease after Caffeine Ingestion

Peng¹,

Zhang²,

Chang³

et al. 2017

Investig Magn Reson Imaging

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Original ArticlePurpose: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant. It is often adopted as a tool to modulate brain activations in fMRI studies. However, its pharmaceutical effect on task-induced deactivation has not been fully examined in fMRI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine on both activation and deactivation under sustained attention. Materials and Methods: Task fMRI was acquired from 26 caffeine naive healthy volunteers before and after taking caffeine pill (200 mg). Results: Statistical analysis showed an increase in cognition-load dependent task activation but a decrease in load dependent de-activation after caffeine ingestion. Increase of attention and memory task activation and its load-dependence suggest a beneficial effect of caffeine on the brain even though it has no overt behavior improvement. The reduction of deactivation by caffeine and its load-dependence indicate reduced facilitation from task-negative networks. Conclusion: Caffeine affects brain activity in a load-dependent manner accompanied by a disassociation between task-positive network and task-negative network.

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“…The beneficial effects of glucose have been observed for a wide range of experimental settings and cognitive tasks across different medical populations and species. In humans, an enhancement effect following glucose administration has been shown for: cognitive performance resulting in a reduction of reaction times (Adan and Serra-Grabulosa, 2010); selective and sustained attention and control (Gagnon et al, 2010; Serra-Grabulosa et al, 2010); continuous performance tests of attention (Flint, 2004); cognitively demanding tasks (Scholey et al, 2001); and learning and memory (for an extensive review see Smith et al, 2011). In clinical populations with severe cognitive deficits, the administration of glucose has been shown to improve cognitive function, for example, memory performance in Alzheimer's disease (Manning et al, 1993; Messier et al, 1997), although there are also negative reports (Craft et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of individual glucose levels on the neuronal correlates of emotions

Schöpf¹,

Fischmeister²,

Windischberger³

et al. 2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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This study aimed to directly assess the effect of changes in blood glucose levels on the psychological processing of emotionally charged material. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate the effect of blood glucose levels on three categories of visually presented emotional stimuli. Seventeen healthy young subjects participated in this study (eight females; nine males; body weight, 69.3 ± 14.9 kg; BMI, 22 ± 2.7; age, 24 ± 3 years), consisting of two functional MRI sessions: (1) after an overnight fast under resting conditions (before glucose administration); (2) after reaching the hyperglycemic state (after glucose administration). During each session, subjects were presented with visual stimuli featuring funny, neutral, and sad content. Single-subject ratings of the stimuli were used to verify the selection of stimuli for each category and were covariates for the fMRI analysis. Analysis of the interaction effect of the two sessions (eu- and hyperglycemia), and the emotional categories accounting for the single-subject glucose differences, revealed a single activation cluster in the hypothalamus. Analysis of the activation profile of the left amygdala corresponded to the three emotional conditions, and this profile was obtained for both sessions regardless of glucose level. Our results indicate that, in a hyperglycemic state, the hypothalamus can no longer respond to emotions. This study offers novel insight for the understanding of disease-related behavior associated with dysregulation of glucose and glucose availability, potentially offering improved diagnostic and novel therapeutic strategies in the future.

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Glucose and caffeine effects on sustained attention: an exploratory fMRI study.

Cited by 49 publications

References 55 publications

Acute personalized habitual caffeine doses improve attention and have selective effects when considering the fractionation of executive functions

Acute personalized habitual caffeine doses improve attention and have selective effects when considering the fractionation of executive functions

Attention and Working Memory Task-Load Dependent Activation Increase with Deactivation Decrease after Caffeine Ingestion

Effects of individual glucose levels on the neuronal correlates of emotions

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