Glucose and memory: The influence of drink, expectancy, and beliefs

Stollery, Brian T; Christian, Leonie M

doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3074-0

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…No task improvements were observed when participants thought that they were consuming aspartame. Similar effects were observed by Stollery and Christian [33] who found a subtle improvement in a task of delayed free recall when participants believed they had consumed glucose. Whilst the authors concluded that the expectancy effects were small and unlikely to be confused with glucose enhancements, they did suggest that routine collection of product beliefs should be carried out in future studies.…”

Section: Expectancy and Placebo Effectssupporting

confidence: 85%

Examining techniques for measuring the effects of nutrients on mental performance and mood state

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeIntake of specific nutrients has been linked to mental states and various indices of cognitive performance although the effects are often subtle and difficult to interpret. Measurement of so-called objective variables (e.g. reaction times) is often considered to be the gold standard for assessing outcomes in this field of research. It can, however, be argued that data on subjective experience (e.g. mood) are also important and may enrich existing objective data. The aim of this review is to evaluate methods for measuring mental performance and mood, considering the definition of subjective mood and the validity of measures of subjective experience.MethodsA multi-stakeholder expert group was invited by ILSI Europe to come to a consensus around the utility of objective and subjective measurement in this field, which forms the basis of the paper. Therefore, the present review reflects a succinct overview of the science but is not intended to be a systematic review.ResultsThe proposed approach extends the traditional methodology using standard ‘objective’ measurements to also include the consumers’ subjective experiences in relation to food. Specific recommendations include 1) using contemporary methods to capture transient mood states; 2) using sufficiently sensitive measures to capture effects of nutritional intervention; 3) considering the possibility that subjective and objective responses will occur over different time frames; and 4) recognition of the importance of expectancy and placebo effects for subjective measures.ConclusionsThe consensus reached was that the most informative approach should involve collection and consideration of both objective and subjective data.

show abstract

Section: Expectancy and Placebo Effectssupporting

confidence: 85%

Examining techniques for measuring the effects of nutrients on mental performance and mood state

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Following consent, participants had their blood glucose measured (pre-session) using the OneTouch Ultra blood glucose monitoring system (donated by Johnson & Johnson Company) and then received their allocated drink (glucose or placebo). While they waited 10 min to allow blood glucose levels to rise (Meikle et al 2004 ; Stollery and Christian 2013 ), demographic information was collected (e.g. age, sex, BMI, fasting compliance) and they completed a stress-arousal checklist (Mackay et al 1978 ) to evaluate whether stress or arousal changes mediate the effect of glucose on performance (see Meikle et al 2004 ; Smith et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, based on the composite scores that incorporate performance on this spatial memory task, glucose either did not influence performance (Scholey and Kennedy 2004 ) or produce impairment (Jones et al 2012 ). Stollery and Christian ( 2013 ) also only examined location memory by presenting identical objects (circles) at random locations in a 9 × 9 grid and assessing recognition memory for exact locations. Although location memory declines substantially as the number of objects to remember increases, neither speed or accuracy varied with the 50 g glucose dose given.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose improves object-location binding in visual-spatial working memory

Stollery

Christian

2015

Psychopharmacology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RationaleThere is evidence that glucose temporarily enhances cognition and that processes dependent on the hippocampus may be particularly sensitive. As the hippocampus plays a key role in binding processes, we examined the influence of glucose on memory for object-location bindings.ObjectiveThis study aims to study how glucose modifies performance on an object-location memory task, a task that draws heavily on hippocampal function.MethodsThirty-one participants received 30 g glucose or placebo in a single 1-h session. After seeing between 3 and 10 objects (words or shapes) at different locations in a 9 × 9 matrix, participants attempted to immediately reproduce the display on a blank 9 × 9 matrix. Blood glucose was measured before drink ingestion, mid-way through the session, and at the end of the session.ResultsGlucose significantly improves object-location binding (d = 1.08) and location memory (d = 0.83), but not object memory (d = 0.51). Increasing working memory load impairs object memory and object-location binding, and word-location binding is more successful than shape-location binding, but the glucose improvement is robust across all difficulty manipulations. Within the glucose group, higher levels of circulating glucose are correlated with better binding memory and remembering the locations of successfully recalled objects.ConclusionsThe glucose improvements identified are consistent with a facilitative impact on hippocampal function. The findings are discussed in the context of the relationship between cognitive processes, hippocampal function, and the implications for glucose’s mode of action.

show abstract

“…Despite the intuitive appeal of the serotoninergic hypothesis and the literature reporting CHO effects on several mood aspects, there are also studies investigating CHOmood interactions that have reported conflicting findings. Over the last three decades, an increasing number of empirical reports have suggested that ingestion of CHOs does not lead to any pronounced increases in subjective mood and overall affect, but can even have detrimental effects on mood (Adan and Serra-Grabulosa, 2010; Brody and Wolitzky, 1983;Duckworth et al, 2013;Giles et al, 2012;Harte and Kanarek, 2004;Howard and Marczinski, 2010;Jones and Sünram-Lea, 2008;Meikle et al, 2004;Miller et al, 2013Miller et al, , 2014O'Neal et al, 2013;Owen et al, 2013;Qin et al, 2017;Hammersley, 1998, 1995;Riby et al, 2004;Scholey et al, , 2009Scholey and Fowles, 2002;Scholey and Kennedy, 2004;Seo et al, 2014;Stollery and Christian, 2013;Sünram-Lea et al, 2011;Ullrich et al, 2015;van der Zwaluw et al, 2014;Zacchia et al, 1991). Researchers have acknowledged the complicated nature of the results and have challenged the reliability of CHO effects on mood (Benton, 2002;Boyle et al, 2018;van de Rest et al, 2017).…”

Section: Carbohydrates and Mood: Mechanisms And Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%