Glucose and trehalose PTS permeases of Spiroplasma citri probably share a single IIA domain, enabling the spiroplasma to adapt quickly to carbohydrate changes in its environment

Andre, Aurélie; Maccheroni, Walter; Doignon, François; Garnier, M.; Renaudin, Joël

doi:10.1099/mic.0.26336-0

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Interestingly, this similarity pattern is the same as that described for IICB proteins. The organization observed for Mmymy SC was also described for a phytopathogenic mollicute, S. citri (André et al, 2003). It was suggested that this structure (IIA+ IICB) is common to all bacteria that have arthropods as hosts, but Mmymy SC has no arthropods as hosts.…”

Section: Genetics Of Glucose Ptsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Variability of a glucose phosphotransferase system permease in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony

Gaurivaud¹,

Persson

Grand

et al. 2004

Microbiology

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Intraclonal antigenic variation in pathogenic mycoplasma species is considered an important feature of host-pathogen interaction. Such intraclonal protein variation was observed for the interaction of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony, the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, with mAb 3F3. Colony immunostaining allows the definition of 3F3 ON-and 3F3 OFF-type variants, which revert at low frequency. Targets of mAb 3F3 were shown to be surface located, and resided on multiple polypeptides in the 58-68 kDa size range. Phage display and a genomic database were combined to determine the gene encoding the proteins recognized by mAb 3F3. A gene encoding the putative permease of the glucose phosphotransferase system was identified. Genome sequence analysis of strain PG1 revealed two highly similar copies of this gene, resulting from duplication of the chromosomal region carrying the gene. Southern blot analysis demonstrated the presence of this duplication in almost every African strain tested, but not in European strains. DNA analysis revealed that ON/OFF switching is governed by a base substitution occurring upstream of the coding region for the 3F3 epitope. This event generates a stop codon that results in the premature termination of the PtsG protein. INTRODUCTIONMycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype Small Colony (Mmymy SC) belongs to the class Mollicutes, trivial name mycoplasma, whose members are distinguished from other bacteria by their minute size and total lack of a rigid cell wall. Mmymy SC is the aetiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a highly contagious respiratory disease in cattle. CBPP is the only bacterial disease included in the A list of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), which contains prioritized communicable animal diseases. During the nineteenth century, CBPP spread throughout the world, causing extensive losses in livestock. By prohibiting cattle movement, and by a programme of slaughtering and vaccination, CBPP was eradicated during the twentieth century, except in Africa and limited areas of Europe and Asia. Since the late 1980s, CBPP has become the major infectious disease affecting livestock in Africa, and the number of countries with CBPP-infected animals rose dramatically from 15 in the late 1970s to 26 in 2002 [Nicholas et al., 2000; OIE official data (www.oie.int)]. CBPP was thought to be almost eradicated from Europe by the early twentieth century, and until the 1960s only a few sporadic outbreaks continued to occur in the Iberian Peninsula. However, from 1980 onwards, hundreds of outbreaks were reported in France, Portugal, Spain and Italy. Control programmes were set up and no case of CBPP has been officially documented in Europe since 1999 (Portugal).Abbreviations: CBPP, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia; glucose PTS, phosphoenolpyruvate : glucose phosphotransferase system; HSA, human serum albumin; Mmymy SC, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype Small Colony. 0002-7247 G 2004 SGM Printed in Great Britain 4009Mic...

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Section: Genetics Of Glucose Ptsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Variability of a glucose phosphotransferase system permease in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony

Gaurivaud¹,

Persson

Grand

et al. 2004

Microbiology

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“…Spiroplasma citri, an insecttransmitted phloem-limited plant pathogen, requires both glucose and fructose to survive in plant sieve tubes. The PTS is the major import system of carbohydrates in S. citri (5). S. citri can also utilize trehalose, which is the dominant sugar in leafhopper hemolymph (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PTS is the major import system of carbohydrates in S. citri (5). S. citri can also utilize trehalose, which is the dominant sugar in leafhopper hemolymph (5). S. citri has evolved the capacity to metabolize glucose, fructose, and trehalose and adapt to its host environment (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genome Analysis of “CandidatusPhytoplasma australiense” (Subgrouptuf-Australia I;rp-A) and “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” Strains OY-M and AY-WB

et al. 2008

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The chromosome sequence of “Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense” (subgroup tuf-Australia I; rp-A), associated with dieback in papaya, Australian grapevine yellows in grapevine, and several other important plant diseases, was determined. The circular chromosome is represented by 879,324 nucleotides, a GC content of 27%, and 839 protein-coding genes. Five hundred two of these protein-coding genes were functionally assigned, while 337 genes were hypothetical proteins with unknown function. Potential mobile units (PMUs) containing clusters of DNA repeats comprised 12.1% of the genome. These PMUs encoded genes involved in DNA replication, repair, and recombination; nucleotide transport and metabolism; translation; and ribosomal structure. Elements with similarities to phage integrases found in these mobile units were difficult to classify, as they were similar to both insertion sequences and bacteriophages. Comparative analysis of “Ca. Phytoplasma australiense” with “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” strains OY-M and AY-WB showed that the gene order was more conserved between the closely related “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” strains than to “Ca. Phytoplasma australiense.” Differences observed between “Ca. Phytoplasma australiense” and “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” strains included the chromosome size (18,693 bp larger than OY-M), a larger number of genes with assigned function, and hypothetical proteins with unknown function.

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“…Spiroplasma genomic DNA was prepared from 10-ml cultures by using a Wizard genomic DNA purification kit (Promega), whereas plasmid DNA was purified from 25-ml cultures with a Wizard SV miniprep DNA purification kit (Promega). Southern blot hybridization of spiroplasmal DNA with appropriate [digoxigenin]dUTP-labeled probes has been described elsewhere (1). Probes S235 and P32, specific to pSci1 to -5 and pSci6, respectively, as well as probe TetM, have been described previously (4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequences Essential for Transmission of Spiroplasma citri by Its Leafhopper Vector, Circulifer haematoceps , Revealed by Plasmid Curing and Replacement Based on Incompatibility

Breton

Duret

Danet

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Spiroplasma citri GII3 contains highly related low-copy-number plasmids pSci1 to -6. Despite the strong similarities between their replication regions, these plasmids coexist in the spiroplasma cells, indicating that they are mutually compatible. The pSci1 to -6 plasmids encode the membrane proteins known as S. citri adhesion-related proteins (ScARPs) (pSci1 to -5) and the hydrophilic protein P32 (pSci6), which had been tentatively associated with insect transmission, as they were not detected in non-insect-transmissible strains. With the aim of further investigating the role of plasmid-encoded determinants in insect transmission, we have constructed S. citri mutant strains that differ in their plasmid contents by developing a plasmid curing/ replacement strategy based on the incompatibility of plasmids having identical replication regions. Experimental transmission of these S. citri plasmid mutants through injection into the leafhopper vector Circulifer haematoceps revealed that pSci6, more precisely, the pSci6_06 coding sequence, encoding a protein of unknown function, was essential for transmission. In contrast, ScARPs and P32 were dispensable for both acquisition and transmission of the spiroplasmas by the leafhopper vector, even though S. citri mutants lacking pSci1 to -5 (encoding ScARPs) were acquired and transmitted at lower efficiencies than the wild-type strain GII3.Phytoplasmas and spiroplasmas, two groups of pathogenic mollicutes, are associated with many diseases affecting economically important crops, such as ornamentals, vegetables, fruit trees, and grapevine (6,10,26,36). Whereas most plantpathogenic bacteria colonize the apoplast of plant tissues, phytoplasmas and spiroplasmas are restricted to the phloem sieve tubes and are transmitted from plant to plant by phloem sapsucking insects (31, 42), which are therefore responsible for the spread of the diseases. Despite the fact they share common habitats with phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas are distinguishable in that they display a characteristic helical morphology and can be cultured in vitro. Spiroplasma citri is the etiological agent of citrus stubborn disease (33). It also infects many other plants, including the Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), an experimental host plant in which it induces symptoms such as stunting, leaf yellowing, and wilting, eventually leading to plant death. In nature, S. citri is transmitted in a circulative, persistent manner by the leafhoppers Circulifer haematoceps (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) (in the Mediterranean area and the Near East) (16) and Circulifer tenellus (in the United States) (28).To complete their transmission cycle, spiroplasmas ingested by leafhopper vectors must cross two physical barriers, the gut epithelium (to move from the lumen to the hemocoel) and then the salivary gland-associated membranes (to reach the salivary duct) (24,27). Mainly on the basis of electron microscopy observations, a hypothetical model in which spiroplasmas pass through these two barriers by an endocytosis-exocytosis pro...

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Glucose and trehalose PTS permeases of Spiroplasma citri probably share a single IIA domain, enabling the spiroplasma to adapt quickly to carbohydrate changes in its environment

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Variability of a glucose phosphotransferase system permease in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony

Variability of a glucose phosphotransferase system permease in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony

Comparative Genome Analysis of “CandidatusPhytoplasma australiense” (Subgrouptuf-Australia I;rp-A) and “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” Strains OY-M and AY-WB

Sequences Essential for Transmission of Spiroplasma citri by Its Leafhopper Vector, Circulifer haematoceps , Revealed by Plasmid Curing and Replacement Based on Incompatibility

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