Glucose, glycine and diglycine in test meals at stimuli to a duodenal osmoreceptor slowing gastric emptying.

Barker, Grace; Cochrane, George M.; Corbett, G A; Dufton, J; Hunt, J. N.; Roberts, S K

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012504

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The retarded gastric emptying seen with water and the rehydrating solution in the case of dehydration may be explained by local mechanisms in the intestinal mucosa that modulate the gastric motor response. Thus, a reduction in the liquid present in the lateral intercellular space may inhibit the gastric emptying of solutions by acting as a transducer to regulate the motor activity of the stomach (34,35). Animals which exhibited a state of dehydration probably had a general reduction in the water of their organ systems, including the enterocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric emptying of liquids in rats dehydrated by water deprivation

Baracat

Collares

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The gastric emptying of liquids was investigated in male Wistar rats (8 to 10 weeks old, 210-300 g) dehydrated by water deprivation. In this model of dehydration, weight loss, hematocrit and plasma density were significantly higher in the dehydrated animals than in the control groups after 48 and 72 h of water deprivation (P<0.05). Three test meals (saline (N = 10), water (N = 10) and a WHO rehydrating solution containing in one liter 90 mEq sodium, 20 mEq potassium, 80 mEq chloride and 30 mEq citrate (N = 10)) were used to study gastric emptying following water deprivation for 24, 48 and 72 h. After 72 h, gastric emptying of the water (39.4% retention) and rehydrating solution (49.2% retention) test meals was significantly retarded compared to the corresponding control groups (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney test). The 72-h period of deprivation was used to study the recovery from dehydration, and water was supplied for 60 or 120 min after 67 h of deprivation. Body weight loss, hematocrit and plasma density tended to return to normal when water was offered for 120 min. In the animals supplied with water for 60 min, there was a recovery in the gastric emptying of water while the gastric emptying of the rehydrating solution was still retarded (53.1% retention; P<0.02, KruskalWallis test). In the group supplied with water for 120 min, the gastric emptying of the rehydrating (51.7% retention) and gluco-saline (46.0% retention) solutions tended to be retarded (P = 0.04, Kruskal-Wallis test). In this model of dehydration caused by water deprivation, with little alteration in the body electrolyte content, gastric emptying of the rehydrating solution was retarded after rehydration with water. We conclude that the mechanisms whereby receptors in the duodenal mucosa can modify gastric motility are altered during dehydration caused by water deprivation. Correspondence

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric emptying of liquids in rats dehydrated by water deprivation

Baracat

Collares

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…In the present study, comparison of half-emptying times, which requires multiple samples over time, and distinction between the test meal ingested and endogenous secretion, allowed the difference in the emptying rate of the test meal to be identified. Increasing the carbohydrate content of a solution generally decreases the rate of gastric emptying (Hunt & Knox, 1968;Barker et at. 1978;Foster et al 1980;Brener, Hendrix & McHugh, 1980), and both of the concentrated (188 g F-) solutions studied in the present investigation had a slower rate of gastric emptying than that of the dilute (40 g F-) solutions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results indicate that both osmolality and carbohydrate content influence gastric emptying of liquids in man, but the carbohydrate content appears to have greater influence than osmolality. The osmolality effect is more marked at high concentrations of carbohydrate.The rate of gastric emptying in man has been shown to be slowed both by an increase in carbohydrate content and by an increase in osmolality (Hunt & Knox, 1968;Costill & Saltin, 1974;Barker, Cochrane, Corbett, Dufton, Hunt & Roberts, 1978;Foster, Costill & Fink, 1980) …”

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The effect of osmolality and carbohydrate content on the rate of gastric emptying of liquids in man.

Vist

Maughan

1995

The Journal of Physiology

193

135

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1. The effect of osmolality and carbohydrate content on the rate of gastric emptying was assessed by using the double sampling gastric aspiration technique to measure the rate of gastric emptying of isoenergetic and isosmotic solutions of glucose and glucose polymer. Six healthy male subjects were each studied on four separate occasions using a test drink volume of 600 ml.2. The half-emptying time (t1, mean + S.E.M.) for a dilute (40 g 1-1) solution of glucose (LG, 230 mosmol kg-') was 17 + 1 min. This was greater than that (14 + 1 min) for a glucose polymer solution with the same energy content (LP, 42 mosmol kg-). A concentrated (188 g l-) glucose polymer solution (HP, 237 mosmol kg-') emptied faster (t1 = 64 + 8 min)than the corresponding isoenergetic glucose solution (HG, 1300 mosmol kg-, t½= 130+ 18min). 3. The dilute (40 g F-) glucose solution emptied faster than the concentrated (188 g F-) glucose polymer solution with the same osmolality (LG, 230 mosmol kg-'; HP, 237 mosmol kg-'). 4. The two dilute solutions (40 g F') delivered a similar amount of carbohydrate to the small intestine, whereas the concentrated (188 g F-) glucose polymer solution delivered a greater amount of carbohydrate at 20, 40 and 50 min than the isoenergetic glucose solution. 5. These results indicate that both osmolality and carbohydrate content influence gastric emptying of liquids in man, but the carbohydrate content appears to have greater influence than osmolality. The osmolality effect is more marked at high concentrations of carbohydrate.The rate of gastric emptying in man has been shown to be slowed both by an increase in carbohydrate content and by an increase in osmolality (Hunt & Knox, 1968;Costill & Saltin, 1974;Barker, Cochrane, Corbett, Dufton, Hunt & Roberts, 1978;Foster, Costill & Fink, 1980)

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“…7. This solution was a potent stimulus to duodenal osmoreceptors (Meeroff, Go & Phillips, 1975;Barker, Cochrane, Corbett, Dufton, Hunt & Roberts, 1978). Duodenal stimulation slowed gastric emptying by increasing duodenal resistance to filling and by reducing antral propulsive activity (Weisbrodt, Wiley, Overholt & Bass, 1969).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gastric emptying of small volumes given in quick succession.

Erskine¹,

Hunt²

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Ten subjects were given solutions of 33 mM-trisodium citrate or 505 mM-glucose, by tube into the stomach; either 25, 50, 100 or 200 ml. were instilled. The gastric contents were recovered, after 3 min with the trisodium citrate solution and after 10 min with the solution of glucose, then the stomach was washed out with 250 ml. water. Each volume was instilled six times in quick succession on one day with the trisodium citrate solution, and four times on another day with the solution of glucose. The recovered volume of the original meal, which contained Phenol Red, was assessed from the amount of dye in the combined recovery and wash. Each day's procedure was replicated on three days.2. About half of the trisodium citrate solution was recovered after 3 min and about half the solution of glucose after 10 min, independent of the volume instilled.3. Glucose slowed gastric emptying. The effect was seen when amounts as low as 1-5 g passed into the duodenum in 10 min.4. Within-subject, the volumes of trisodium citrate (a distending gastric stimulus) recovered at 3 min allowed predictions of the volumes of glucose solution (a gastric distending and a duodenal osmotic stimulus) recovered at 10 min.5. The volumes recovered on one day fell progressively with successive instillations of 25,50 and 100 ml.6. The results showed that the control system governing gastric emptying responded to volume and osmotic stimuli even when the intragastric volumes were as small as those in the stomach during the interdigestive periods.

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Glucose, glycine and diglycine in test meals at stimuli to a duodenal osmoreceptor slowing gastric emptying.

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Gastric emptying of liquids in rats dehydrated by water deprivation

Gastric emptying of liquids in rats dehydrated by water deprivation

The effect of osmolality and carbohydrate content on the rate of gastric emptying of liquids in man.

The gastric emptying of small volumes given in quick succession.

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