Glucose influence on germ tube production inCandida albicans

Vidotto, V.; Accattatis, G; Zhang, Q; Campanini, Giorgio; Aoki, Shigeji

doi:10.1007/bf02373021

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Glucose has previously been reported to induce germtube formation in C. albicans (Hrmova & Drobnica, 1981;Vidotto et al, 1996) and there have been reports of a link between candidiasis and both hyperglycaemia (Goswami et al, 2000) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Guggenheimer et al, 2000). Germ-tube formation in response to exogenous buffered glucose was observed in clinical isolates of C. albicans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Identification of the dialysable serum inducer of germ-tube formation in Candida albicans

et al. 2004

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Yeast cells of Candida albicans are induced by serum at 37 6C to produce germ tubes, the first step in a transition from yeast to hyphal growth. Previously, it has been shown that the active component is not serum albumin but is present in the dialysable fraction of serum. In this study, serum induction of germ-tube formation is shown to occur even in the presence of added exogenous nitrogen sources and is therefore not signalled by nitrogen derepression. The active component in serum was purified by ion-exchange, reverse-phase and size-exclusion chromatography from the dialysable fraction of serum and was identified by NMR to be D-glucose. Enzymic destruction of glucose, using glucose oxidase, demonstrated that D-glucose was the only active component in these fractions. Induction of germ-tube formation by D-glucose required a temperature of 37 6C and the pH optimum was between pH 7?0 and 8?0. D-Glucose induced germ-tube formation in a panel of clinical isolates of C. albicans. Although D-glucose is the major inducer in serum, a second non-dialysable, trichloroacetic acid precipitable inducer is also present. However, whereas either 1?4 % (v/v) serum or an equivalent concentration of D-glucose induced 50 % germ-tube formation, the non-dialysable component required a 10-fold higher concentration to induce 50 % germ-tube formation. Serum is, therefore, the most effective induction medium for germ-tube formation because it is buffered at about pH 8?5 and contains two distinct inducers (glucose and a non-dialysable component), both active at this pH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Identification of the dialysable serum inducer of germ-tube formation in Candida albicans

et al. 2004

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“…Effect on morphogenesis References 25°C or lower "Yeast formation Lee and Mitchell (1979) 37°C or higher "Pseudohypha formation (maintains the yeast form at pH 4.5) Lee and Mitchell (1979) and Lee et al (1999) 5-15% CO2 "Predominantely pseudohypha formation Bahn and Mühlschlegel (2006), Klengel et al (2005), Mock et al (1990) and Sims (1986) "Hypha formation Brown et al (1999) Ca 2+ ;Hypha formation (absence of other divalent ions) Holmes et al (1991) and Sabie and Gadd (1989) "Hypha formation (in presence of Mg 2+ ) D-glucose "Hypha formation (at 37°C and pH 7-8) Hrmova and Drobnica (1981), Hudson et al (2004) and Vidotto et al (1996a) 0.2% of glucose, galactose, fructose or sucrose "Hypha formation Maidan et al (2005b) Fructose "Hypha formation (in the absence of nitrogen source) Vidotto et al (1996b) Lee's medium "Hypha formation (at 37°C) Lee et al (1975) ;Hypha formation (at 25°C) Lithium…”

Section: Environmental Cuesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The metabolic basis of Candida albicans morphogenesis and quorum sensing

Han

Cannon

Villas‐Bôas

2011

Fungal Genetics and Biology

152

111

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“…A diffusable cAMP analog, dibutyryl cAMP, effectively triggers germ tube formation (52), whereas specific inhibitors of cAMP-dependent kinase inhibit germination under in vivo conditions (53). On the other hand, although several different environmental factors were reported to promote the morphological shift, it is believed that the low glucose level in the growth medium, neutral pH resulting in a slow glucose uptake and/or serum proteins, protein amino acids or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as the main carbon source, alternative to glucose, are the most important (54,55). In this respect it is noteworthy that the cAMP cascade in C. albicans can be activated by glucagon (56), a human hormone produced by pancreas in response to low glucose level in the blood.…”

Section: Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Oligomeric Structure and Regulation of Candida albicans Glucosamine-6-phosphate Synthase

Milewski

Kuszczak

Jedrzejczak

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Candida albicans glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) synthase was purified to apparent homogeneity with 52% yield from recombinant yeast YRSC-65 cells efficiently overexpressing the GFA1 gene. The pure enzyme exhibited K m(Gln) ‫؍‬ 1.56 mM and K m(Fru-6-P) ‫؍‬ 1.41 mM and catalyzed GlcN-6-P formation with k cat ‫؍‬ 1150 min ؊1 . The isoelectric point of 4.6 ؎ 0.05 was estimated from isoelectric chromatofocusing. Gel filtration, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, subunit cross-linking, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the native enzyme was a homotetramer of 79.5-kDa subunits, with an apparent molecular mass of 330 -340 kDa. Results of chemical modification of the enzyme by group-specific reagents established an essential role of a cysteinyl residue at the glutamine-binding site and histidyl, lysyl, arginyl, and tyrosyl moieties at the Fru-6-Pbinding site. GlcN-6-P synthase in crude extract was effectively inhibited by UDP-GlcNAc (IC 50 ‫؍‬ 0.67 mM). Purification of the enzyme markedly decreased the sensitivity to the inhibitor, but this could be restored by addition of another effector, glucose 6-phosphate. Binding of UDP-GlcNAc to the pure enzyme in the presence of Glc-6-P showed strong negative cooperativity, with n H ‫؍‬ 0.54, whereas in the absence of this sugar phosphate no cooperative effect was observed. Pure enzyme was a substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase, the action of which led to the substantial increase of GlcN-6-P synthase activity, correlated with an extent of protein phosphorylation. The maximal level of activity was observed for the enzyme molecules containing 1.21 ؎ 0.08 mol of phosphate/mol of GlcN-6-P synthase. Monitoring of GlcN-6-P synthase activity and its sensitivity to UDP-GlcNAc during yeast 3 mycelia transformation of C. albicans cells, under in situ conditions, revealed a marked increase of the former and a substantial fall of the latter.

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Glucose influence on germ tube production inCandida albicans

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Identification of the dialysable serum inducer of germ-tube formation in Candida albicans

Identification of the dialysable serum inducer of germ-tube formation in Candida albicans

The metabolic basis of Candida albicans morphogenesis and quorum sensing

Oligomeric Structure and Regulation of Candida albicans Glucosamine-6-phosphate Synthase

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