Glucose‐sensitive afferent nerve fibres in the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve in the guinea‐pig.

Niijima, Akira

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014415

Cited by 233 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This results in an increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the intact mouse [107], suggesting that sensory nerves through their inhibitory neuropeptide CGRP exert a tonic inhibition of insulin secretion. The result in vivo of potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice treated with capsaicin could also indicate that the sensory nerves are involved in a neural reflex activated by glucose, perhaps through activation of glucose sensors in the portal area [108]. Such a reflex could involve efferent adrenergic nerves, judging from studies showing that a-adrenoceptor blockade is unable to increase circulating insulin after capsaicin treatment in mice [107].…”

Section: Sensory Nervesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic regulation of islet hormone secretion - Implications for health and disease

2000

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Section: Sensory Nervesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic regulation of islet hormone secretion - Implications for health and disease

2000

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“…However, the methodology used to manipulate vagal afferents is rudimentary at best, as they do not allow selective ablation or stimulation of functionally specific neurons. For example, given that ghrelin (Date et al, 2002) and hyperglycemia (Niijima, 1982) can suppress, while gastric distension and CCK (Schwartz et al, 1993) can increase firing activity of specific populations of vagal afferents, simply cutting or stimulating both populations should theoretically lead to cancellation of their central effects. By learning more about the functional specificity of vagal afferents and the availability of more selective tools to manipulate them, they are still a worthwhile target for prevention or treatment of obesity.…”

Section: Evidence For Vagal Afferents In Short-but Not Long-term Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity

Berthoud

2008

Regulatory Peptides

265

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Food interacts with sensors all along the alimentary canal to provide the brain with information regarding its composition, energy content, and beneficial effect. Vagal afferents innervating the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and liver provide a rapid and discrete account of digestible food in the alimentary canal, as well as circulating and stored fuels, while vagal efferents together with the sympathetic nervous system and hormonal mechanisms codetermine the rate of nutrient absorption, partitioning, storage, and mobilization. Although vagal sensory mechanisms play a crucial role in the neural mechanism of satiation, there is little evidence suggesting a significant role in long-term energy homeostasis. However, increasing recognition of vagal involvement in the putative mechanisms making bariatric surgeries the most effective treatment for obesity should greatly stimulate future research to uncover the many details regarding the specific transduction mechanisms in the periphery and the inter-and intra-neuronal signaling cascades disseminating vagal information across the neuraxis.

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“…Whatever the nature of the signal, the hypothalamus is likely to be involved in its integration. Afferent signals from the liver are conducted to the hypothalamus by the vagus nerve, with the afferent firing rate in the hepatic branch of the vagus being inversely proportional to the glucose concentration in the portal vein (Niijima, 1982). Stimulation of ventromedial hypothalamic signalling, in turn, has been shown to enhance muscle glucose uptake, an effect that can be prevented with sympathetic blockade (Minokoshi et al 1994).…”

Section: Portally Delivered Glucose: the 'Portal Signal'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of hepatic metabolism by enteral delivery of nutrients

et al. 2006

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The liver plays a unique role in nutrient homeostasis. Its anatomical location makes it ideally suited to control the systemic supply of absorbed nutrients, and it is the primary organ that can both consume and produce substantial amounts of glucose. Moreover, it is the site of a substantial fraction (about 25 %) of the body's protein synthesis, and the liver and other organs of the splanchnic bed play an important role in sparing dietary N by storing ingested amino acids. This hepatic anabolism is under the control of hormonal and nutritional changes that occur during food intake. In particular, the route of nutrient delivery, i.e. oral (or intraportal) v. peripheral venous, appears to impact upon the disposition of the macronutrients and also to affect both hepatic and whole-body nutrient metabolism. Intraportal glucose delivery significantly enhances net hepatic glucose uptake, compared with glucose infusion via a peripheral vein. On the other hand, concomitant intraportal infusion of both glucose and gluconeogenic amino acids significantly decreases net hepatic glucose uptake, compared with infusion of the same mass of glucose by itself. Delivery of amino acids via the portal vein may enhance their hepatic uptake, however. Elevation of circulating lipids under postprandial conditions appears to impair both hepatic and whole-body glucose disposal. Thus, the liver's role in nutrient disposal and metabolism is highly responsive to the route of nutrient delivery, and this is an important consideration in planning nutrition support and optimising anabolism in vulnerable patients.

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Glucose‐sensitive afferent nerve fibres in the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve in the guinea‐pig.

Cited by 233 publications

References 21 publications

Autonomic regulation of islet hormone secretion - Implications for health and disease

Autonomic regulation of islet hormone secretion - Implications for health and disease

The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity

Regulation of hepatic metabolism by enteral delivery of nutrients

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