Glucose-Uptake Activity and Cytotoxicity of Diterpenes and Triterpenes Isolated from Lamiaceae Plant Species

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), considered one of the most common metabolic disorders, has dramatically increased and resulted in higher rates of morbidity and mortality around the world in the past decade. It is well known that insulin resistance in target tissues and a deficiency in insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are the main characteristics of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was the bio-evaluation of compounds isolated from three selected plant species: namely, Salvia africana-lutea, Leonotis ocymifolia, and Plectranthus madagascariensis, for their glucose-uptake ability. Methanolic extracts were produced from the aerial parts of each plant. Compounds were identified using different spectroscopic techniques. The glucose-uptake ability of each compound was then evaluated in mammalian cells using 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. The cytotoxicity of each compound was established via the MTT assay. Chromatographic purification of the three plant species yielded sixteen pure terpenoids. Compounds 1 (p = 0.0031), 8 (p = 0.0053), and 6 (p = 0.0086) showed a marked increase in glucose uptake, respectively. Additionally, 1, 4, and 6 exhibited cytotoxicity toward mammalian tissue with a decrease in cell viability of ~70%, ~68%, and ~67%, respectively. The results suggested that several compounds demonstrated a marked increase in glucose uptake, while two of the compounds exhibited signs of cytotoxicity. It may, therefore, be suggested that these compounds be considered as potential candidates for novel plant-derived alternative therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Novel Triterpenoids from Cassia fistula Stem Bark Depreciates STZ-Induced Detrimental Changes in IRS-1/Akt-Mediated Insulin Signaling Mechanisms in Type-1 Diabetic Rats

“…In this regard, our laboratory study showed that the administration of catechin isolated from C. fistula to diabetic rats upregulated the expression of GLUT4 mRNA and protein. Similar studies revealed the hypoglycemic effects of cucurbitane triterpenoid isolated from bitter melon on GLUT4 translocation in the L6 muscle cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes though activation of the AMPK pathway, as well as those of triterpenes isolated from Lamiaceae plant species in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through activation of the PI3K pathway [36,37].…”

Dexamethasone Attenuates Oncostatin M Production via Suppressing of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling in Neutrophil-like Differentiated HL-60 Cells

“…The dHL-60 cells (1 × 10 5 ) were pretreated with Dex or PBS for 1 h and stimulated with GM-CSF for 4 h. The cell viability was assessed as previously described [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Identification of Antidiabetic Compounds from the Aqueous Extract of Sclerocarya birrea Leaves

“…In addition, the number of people with T2DM is predicted to rise from 405 million in 2018 to 510 million by 2030 [5]. Peripherally, insulin promotes blood glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles and adipose cells, which helps to maintain glucose homeostasis [6]. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is marked by insulin resistance in key target tissues such as the liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissues, resulting in impaired glucose uptake and postprandial hyperglycemia.…”