Glycosylated derivatives of physiologically active natural compound juglone and related 1,4-naphthoquinones are known as antifungal, immunomodulatory, and antitumor substances. However, their antileukemic properties and structure-activity relationships have been studied insufficiently. Antileukemic effects and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the 50 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives were examined using HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells and MTS method of the study of cell viability. As was shown, the substances inhibited viability of HL-60 cells at the wide range of concentrations. SAR study revealed the structure peculiarities which lead to increase or decrease of the antileukemic activity of the compounds studied. In conclusion, O-or S-glycosylated derivatives of juglone and related 1,4-naphthoquinones have potential for development of the new antileukemic agents and should be further investigated.