1985
DOI: 10.1021/jf00066a017
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Glucuronide conjugates of T-2 toxin and metabolites in swine bile and urine

Abstract: represented less than 20 and 30% of the total metabolite residues in bile and urine, respectively, with the parent compound, T-2 toxin, never exceeding 0.25%. The major free metabolites were 3'-OH HT-2 and T-2 triol. Glucuronide conjugates represented 63 and 77% of the metabolite residues in urine and bile, respectively. The major conjugated metabolites were glucuronides of HT-2, 3'-OH T-2, 3'-OH HT-2, and T-2 toxin. Neosolaniol, 4-deacetylneosolaniol, and T-2 tetraol were also identified in addition to three … Show more

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Cited by 62 publications
(36 citation statements)
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“…In animals, T-2 toxin is rapidly absorbed and metabolised without specific organ accumulation and the half-life is usually less than 30 minutes in pigs, rats and cattle Larsen et al, 2004). Glucuronide conjugates of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and other metabolites were formed rapidly and extensively (63 %) in the plasma in pigs (Corley et al, 1985), so the conjugates and other potential metabolites need to be considered in the biomarker development. injection.…”
Section: Biomarkersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In animals, T-2 toxin is rapidly absorbed and metabolised without specific organ accumulation and the half-life is usually less than 30 minutes in pigs, rats and cattle Larsen et al, 2004). Glucuronide conjugates of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and other metabolites were formed rapidly and extensively (63 %) in the plasma in pigs (Corley et al, 1985), so the conjugates and other potential metabolites need to be considered in the biomarker development. injection.…”
Section: Biomarkersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This led to the identification of several T-2 metabolites, including HT-2, 2 , neosolaniol (NEO), 6 , 3′-OH-T-2, 3 , 3′-hydroxy-HT-2 (3′-OH-HT-2), 7 , de-epoxy-HT-2, 8 , de-epoxy-3′-hydroxy-HT-2, 9 , as well as some glucuronide conjugates. ,, Hydrolysis (at C-4, C-8, and C-15 parts), hydroxylation (at C-3′, C-7, and C-9), deepoxidation (at C12,13), and conjugative reactions (at C-3 and C-4 for HT-2) are the major metabolic pathways of T-2 in animals and human. ,, However, there are still questions surrounding the metabolism of T-2. The majority of this research focused on experimental animals, such as mice and rats. ,, In other animal species, limited information is available concerning the metabolism of T-2. , Therefore, the metabolic profiles of T-2 in farm animals, such as poultry and pigs, are still unclear. , Due to the likelihood that T-2 along with its metabolites remain in the edible tissues of livestock animals, a better elucidation of T-2 metabolism in farm animals becomes critically important, in turn providing information to evaluate human exposure to T-2 residues. ,, The importance of this research on farm animals is emphasized by the significant interspecies difference >on the metabolism of T-2. ,, Hydrolysis is the primary metabolic pathway of T-2 for rats, mice and humans, and the major metabolite in these cases is HT-2, 2 . , In swine, glucuronide-conjugated metabolites were the main metabolites, , while in chickens, the hydroxylated metabolite 3′-OH-HT-2, 7 , and several uncharacterized molecules are considered to be of importance . Given these clear interspecies differences, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive comparison metabolism of T-2.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…11,16,20 Hydrolysis is the primary metabolic pathway of T-2 for rats, mice and humans, and the major metabolite in these cases is HT-2, 2. 15,21 In swine, glucuronideconjugated metabolites were the main metabolites, 22,23 while in chickens, the hydroxylated metabolite 3′-OH-HT-2, 7, and several uncharacterized molecules are considered to be of importance. 17 Given these clear interspecies differences, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive comparison metabolism of T-2.…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies show that the principal metabolites of T-2 are HT-2 and T-2 tetraol (Pace, et aL. 1985: Pace, et aL 1985a: Corley, et aL 1985Yoshizawa, et aL 1980). Therefore an assay for these urinary metabolites should provide evidence of T-2 exposure.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%