Glutamate agonists from marine algae

Laycock, M. V.; Freitas, Arlan Silva; Wright, Jeffrey L. C.

doi:10.1007/bf00003873

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This suggests that the effect was primarily upon the diatom and not upon the bacteria. The fact that proline and glutamic acid had approximately the same effects is not surprising as metabolically the two are readily interconvertible; Laycock et al (1989) showed that glutamic acid was present in substantially higher concentrations than proline in domoic acid producing Nitzschia pungens (presumably a strain of P. multiseries) cells grown in non-axenic cultures. Thus, it is probable that the flnal effect resulting from the addition of either amino acid could be attributable more to glutamic acid than to proline.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluconic acid/gluconolactone: physiological influences on domoic acid production by bacteria associated with Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries

Osada¹,

Stewart²

1997

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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A single strain of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries was grown axenically and in parallel cultures to which selected bacterial species isolated previously from P. multiseries cultures were added (non-axenic culture), an Alteromonas sp. (a producer of gluconic acid/gluconolactone when grown with glucose) and a Moraxella sp. (a non-producer of gluconic acid/gluconolactone). When gluconic acid/gluconolactone was added to the axenic culture the production of domoic acid was increased to double that produced by the non-axenic culture. The effect of the gluconic acid/gluconolactone on domoic acid production was concentration dependent and could be offset completely by the addition of glutamic acid or proline to cultures containing gluconic acid/gluconolactone. Domoic acid, depending upon culture conditions, was partitioned in varying percentages between the diatom cells and the culture filtrates. It is suggested that the enhancement of the algal production of domoic acid in the presence of specific bacteria could be influenced by production of gluconic acid/gluconolactone by bacteria; this effect may be a direct result of the antagonistic effect of the powerful sequestering properties of gluconic acid which, through tying up nutrients, induces the diatom to produce a counter chelating agent, domoic acid.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluconic acid/gluconolactone: physiological influences on domoic acid production by bacteria associated with Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries

Osada¹,

Stewart²

1997

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…multiseries, is also a potential source of the glutamate agonist, domoic acid (Laycock et al, 1989). Domoic acid is structurally similar to glutamic and aspartic acid and acts as a potent excitant (agonist) of glutamate receptors; as such it could be an important tool in the study of neurodegenerative disease and N. pungens has been shown to contain >1% of dry wt of domoic acid in culture and could therefore be an excellent source of this compound.…”

Section: Toxins and Pharmacologically Active Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae as sources of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds

1995

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In the last decade the screening of microalgae, especially the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), for antibiotics and pharmacologically active compounds has received ever increasing interest. A large number of antibiotic compounds, many with novel structures, have been isolated and characterised. Similarly many cyanobacteria have been shown to produce antiviral and antineoplastic compounds. A range of pharmacological activities have also been observed with extracts of microalgae, however the active principles are as yet unknown in most cases. Several of the bioactive compounds may find application in human or veterinary medicine or in agriculture. Others should find application as research tools or as structural models for the development of new drugs. The microalgae are particularly attractive as natural sources of bioactive molecules since these algae have the potential to produce these compounds in culture which enables the production of structurally complex molecules which are difficult or impossible to produce by chemical synthesis.

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“…Today, KA is used as a standard reagent in neurobiological research. KA has also been isolated from other species of red algae, such as Alsidium helminthochorton (Calaf et al 1989), Caloglossa leprieurii (Pei-Gen and Shan-Lin 1986), Centroceras clavulatum (Impellizezeri et al 1975), and certain strains of Palmaria palmata (Laycook et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and subcellular localization of kainic acid in the marine red alga Digenea simplex

et al. 2005

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Polyclonal antibodies specific for the excitatory amino acid, kainic acid (KA), were raised in rabbits. The antibody recognized KA but did not cross-react with other structurally related amino acids, including glutamate. We used this anti-KA antibody to localize KA immunohistochemically in the KA-producing red alga Digenea simplex. KA immunoreactivity was most dense in the fine cylindrical thallus, which covers the middle to upper part of the alga. The cortical cells, but not the inner layers of the main axis, and cells of the rhizoid were also stained with this antibody. The presence of KA in cells that cover the surface of the alga might reflect its role in chemical defense. At the subcellular level, KA immunoreactivity was most intense in the nucleus, pit plugs, and the electron-dense areas denoted as "granule bodies", which were found only in the pericentral cells of the thallus.

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Glutamate agonists from marine algae

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Gluconic acid/gluconolactone: physiological influences on domoic acid production by bacteria associated with Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries

Gluconic acid/gluconolactone: physiological influences on domoic acid production by bacteria associated with Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries

Microalgae as sources of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds

Cellular and subcellular localization of kainic acid in the marine red alga Digenea simplex

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