Glutamic dehydrogenase and glutamic‐aspartic transaminase in regenerating liver of the rat

Greenbaum, A. L.; Greenwood, F. C.; Harkness, R. D.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1954.sp005155

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…If these changes are connected with (a) or (b) then changes in (a) or (b) should be observed early after partial hepatectomy. The available evidence (Rosenthal, Rogers, Vars & Ferguson, 1951) indicates that the total daily rate of urea production is hardly affected by partial hepatectomy in the first day after operation, or even in the first 6 hr after operation (see Greenbaum, Greenwood & Harkness, 1954). Thus it appears that urea production per unit weight of liver increases very rapidly after partial hepatectomy.…”

Section: Plasma Amino-acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free amino‐acids in liver and blood after partial hepatectomy in normal and adrenalectomized rats

Ferrari¹,

Harkness²

1954

The Journal of Physiology

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It is well known that, after removal of part of the liver of the rat, the remainder grows rapidly to reach the normal size in 2-3 weeks (Higgins & Anderson, 1931). Though many aspects of this growth process have been investigated, little attention has been paid to changes in amino-acid metabolism. Since the liver plays a prominent part in the metabolism of these substances, one would expect that there might be changes in their concentration, both in the liver and in the blood, after partial hepatectomy, and that these changes might even be related causally to the subsequent regeneration. Christensen, Rothwell, Sears & Streicher (1948) have reported a considerable rise in the concentration of free amino-acids of rat liver cells 1-3 days after partial hepatectomy, though they found no significant change in the blood plasma; Des Marais & Dugal (1948), on the other hand, found a rise in free amino-acids of plasma in the first day after partial hepatectomy. Christensen et al. (1948) give some data on glycine and glutamine, and the peptide glutathione, but this appears to be the only information available at present. Thus although there is some information about a change in total concentration of amino-acids in liver and blood, of the individual compounds little is known. The work described here was undertaken with the object of filling this gap. For this purpose the technique of filter-paper chromatography was chosen. It was felt that, in a preliminary investigation of this sort, the disadvantages of this method on the quantitative side were outweighed by its simplicity and wide application, and that it would be more useful to have information about a wide range of substances within fairly wide limits of accuracy, than more exact information about a few. This method has been used in conjunction with estimation of total free carboxyl-amino nitrogent (Hamilton & Van Slyke, 1943) in liver and plasma.The investigation was confined to the first 24 hr after partial hepatectomy. t This term will be shortened to amino-nitrogen in the rest of this paper.

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Section: Plasma Amino-acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free amino‐acids in liver and blood after partial hepatectomy in normal and adrenalectomized rats

Ferrari¹,

Harkness²

1954

The Journal of Physiology

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“…As wed as in the instances quoted at the beginning of this paper, this has been observed in denervated skeletal muscle [Pellegrino, Vdlani & Franzini, in preparation], in adrenal atrophy after hypophysectomy [Knobil, 1953], in seminal vesicles after castration [Fishman & Farmelant, 1953] and in mammary glands involuting after lactation [Greenbaum & Greenwood, 1954]. In other instances, however, marked increases in enzyme activity were observed which were unrelated to atrophy or cellular lesions.…”

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confidence: 68%

Β-Glucuronidase ACTIVITY AFTER THYRO-PARATHYROIDECTOMY IN RATS

Brogi¹,

Villani²

1957

Journal of Endocrinology

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\g=b\-Glucuronidaseactivity was followed in the liver, spleen, thymus, adrenals, kidneys and submaxillary glands of the rat during the atrophy of these organs caused by thyro-parathyroidectomy. The atrophy is not related, except in the case of the liver, to deficient food intake.\g=b\-Glucuronidaseactivity per unit weight of tissue was found to be increased in almost all the organs examined in correlation with the period of fastest loss in weight: when the rate of weight loss decreased or was reduced to nil, the enzyme levels showed a tendency to return to normal values.The significance of these data is discussed.It has recently been observed that atrophy of the spleen, thymus gland and lymph nodes produced by starvation [Pedegrino & Vdlani, 1956] or X-rays [Pellegrino & Villani, in preparation] is accompanied by a two-or three-fold increase in /3-glucuroni¬ dase activity. On the other hand, it has been known for a long time [Hammett, 1923a and 6] that in thyro-parathyroidectomized rats the weight of the liver, spleen, thymus gland, ovaries, testes, adrenals, pancreas and kidneys is markedly decreased. It was therefore considered interesting to discover whether a correlation existed between atrophy and /3-glucuronidase increase in the organs of such animals. METHODSForty-five virgin female albino rats of the Italico strain bred in this department and weighing about 150 g each were used. The animals were kept on a standard balanced diet [Random & Causeret, 1947], supplemented with green vegetables. Two types of experiments were performed. In the first, the animals were fed ad lib., in the second, paired-feeding was used. The thyro-parathyroidectomized rats ate on the average 10 g of food dady. Thyro-parathyroidectomy was performed under light ether anaesthesia and all the animals were allowed free access to 0-5 % CaCl2 solution in tap water during the experimental periods.The rats were killed by exsanguination under light ether anaesthesia 5, 9, 15 or 30 days after the operation. The completeness of the operation was checked at necropsy and rats with symptoms of wound infection were discarded. The thymus gland, submaxillary glands, liver, spleen, kidneys and adrenals were dissected, freed of connec¬ tive tissue, and weighed on a torsion balance to the nearest mg. A small portion of each organ was weighed and suspended in distilled water (adjusted to pH 7-4) with a glass homogenizer [Potter & Elvehjem, 1936] kept in cracked ice. The final dilution of the suspensions was 1:200 (w/v). They were stored in the cold room at 2°C and were always used within 6 hr of preparation.

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“…Variability of enzyme concentrations in liver.-This has been studied in relation to starvation and protein depletion (158), specific amino acid de ficiencies (159,160) , choline (161) and cholesterol content (162) of diets, and to the course of liver growth during fetal development (163) and liver regeneration (164,165,170). While in the case of colloid uptake (100, 102) and of fluorescein uptake and excretion (114) this may reflect circulatory factors alone, histochemical data show significantly higher concentrations of succinoxidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, esterase, and alkaline phosphatase in the periphery of the lobules (152 to 157).…”

Section: Functional Mass Of Liver: Reference Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest changes observed in livers following partial hepatectomy are increased respiratory rate (199) and tissue amino acid concentration (11). Changes in various enzymes (164,165,170) have been reported, and the relatively slow increase in the mito chondrial fraction during liver regeneration pointed out. While ribonucleic add turnover increases early, deoxyribonucleic acid responds only late dur ing regeneration (200).…”

Section: Miscellaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver

Braver¹

1956

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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Glutamic dehydrogenase and glutamic‐aspartic transaminase in regenerating liver of the rat

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Free amino‐acids in liver and blood after partial hepatectomy in normal and adrenalectomized rats

Free amino‐acids in liver and blood after partial hepatectomy in normal and adrenalectomized rats

Β-Glucuronidase ACTIVITY AFTER THYRO-PARATHYROIDECTOMY IN RATS

Liver

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